摘要
"升降"是荀氏象数易学的核心易例,惠栋、张惠言、牟宗三开出认识荀爽"升降"的三种路径,但学者对"乾降坤升""卦变"等诸问题争议较大、尚待解决。笔者认为,"升降"分"交易升降"与"乾升坤降"两大类。"交易升降",即是在乾坤两卦的对待基础上,阴阳爻或乾坤经卦之间交易互换、位置发生升降,而生成新的卦的变动过程。荀爽对"交易升降"进行了基于尊阳卑阴的价值分判,合于阳尊的交易,予以肯定;不能凸显阳尊之交易,在价值应然上予以否定,而继续"乾升坤降"。"乾升坤降",其核心是在五爻为阴、或阳爻不能得以尊崇时,居二爻或最接近五爻之阳爻,升居五爻,以重新尊崇阳爻之地位,彰显阳爻之德性。由"交易升降",荀爽阐发了其天地交感化生万物的自然图景;由价值分判与"乾升坤降",荀爽表达了其基于现实关怀的价值追求。
＂Ascending and descending＂ （sheng jiang 升降） of certain lines is a core rule in Xun Shuang＇s （128-190） image-nu- merological approach to the Changes. Although Hui Dong （1697-1758）, Zhang Huiyan （1761-1802）, and Mu Zongsan （1909-1995） left us three routes to Xun＇s sheng jiang theory, in academic circles there are still great disputes about the is- sues related to the ＂descending of Qian and ascending of Kun ＂ and ＂hexagram changes＂ （gua bian 卦变） which re- main to be solved. This paper points out that sheng jiang is divided into two kinds of jiaoyi shengjiang （lit., ascent and de- scent resulting from exchanges） and Qian sheng Kun jiang （ascent of Qian and descent of Kun ）. The former re- fers to the formation of a new hexagram resulting from the exchange of positions, i.e., ascending and descending, of a yin and a yang line or the exchange of positions of the trigrams of Qian and Kun . In the cases of jiaoyi shengjiang, when a yang line obtained predominance, its value would be affirmed by Xun Shuang; and when a yin line was in a position of respect, Xun would deny its value and further make use of his approach of Qian sheng Kun jiang, the core of which is that when the fifth line is a yin line or when a yang line is not in a superior position, a yang line in the second po- sition or in a position closest to the fifth line ought to ascend to the fifth position so as to gain the noble position again. On the basis of jiaoyi shengjiang, Xun Shuang illustrated a natural prospect of the generation of the myriad things resulting fromthe intercourses between Heaven and Earth, and by distinguishing the value of yang from that of yin and through Qian sheng Kun jiang, Xun Shuang expressed his pursuit of value based on his practical concerns.
出处
《周易研究》
CSSCI
2017年第1期5-17,共13页
Studies of Zhouyi
关键词
荀爽
交易升降
乾升坤降
价值分判
Xun Shuang jiaoyi shengjiang ascent of Qian and descent of Kun distinguishing of values
