摘要
电磁法地震预测是临震地震预测方法中的一种,该方法目前还处于初级阶段.已有的电磁法地震预测的流程是在各台站设置仪器观测覆盖区域的电磁数据,比如电场各分量、电阻率、磁场各分量或者给定频率的电磁波等等,通过一定的方法对所收集的数据进行处理,提取出电磁异常,对这些异常进行分析,从而给出与地震发生的时间、地点和震级组成的地震"三要素"相关的预测意见.从多次实验以及震例研究中我们可以看出电磁法地震预测目前并不完善,可以预测的范围、精度以及预测量都有限.但是电磁法异常提前发生并且特征明显,接下来亟待解决的问题是弄清引起震前电磁异常的明确的物理机制,找到其与地震三要素的对应关系,这样电磁法在地震预测中将会迈出扎实的一步.为了了解电磁法地震预测的现状,本文从电磁法预测的基础岩石物理学实验,野外观测记录,以及对已有电磁方法的分析与评价三个主要方面介绍了国内外电磁法地震预测的研究进展及其发展前景.
Electromagnetic method is one of the earthquake prediction methods which is in the preliminary stage. The main process of this method is to acquire the electromagnetic data（ electric components,electrical resistivity,magnetic components or the frequency of electromagnetic wave,etc.） in the areas that are covered with observation instruments. The data was processed to extract the electromagnetic anomaly caused by seismic activity. The earthquake prediction including time,location and magnitude of the earthquake are suggested by analyzing the electromagnetic anomaly.Many experiments and studies showed that electromagnetic method for earthquake prediction is not effective yet,and its precision and the range it can predict are extremely limited. Finding out the physical mechanism of the electromagnetic anomalies before the earthquake and its relation with the three elements of earthquake are the main tasks and it will be a big step for earthquake prediction. In this paper, we reviewed the development and prospects of electromagnetic method in earthquake prediction all around the world from three aspects： the basic experimental results of the rock fracture process,the field observation records and the analysis as well as the evaluation of the existing electromagnetic methods.
出处
《地球物理学进展》
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第6期2487-2494,共8页
Progress in Geophysics
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40872133
40821062
41274094)资助
关键词
地震预测
电磁法
岩石电磁实验
综述
earthquake prediction
electromagnetic methods
rock electromagnetic experiments
review
