摘要
野火是陆地生态系统的重要干扰因子,影响生态系统的演替和更新。研究基于MCD45A1火烧迹地和MCD12Q1土地利用数据,提取2002—2014年内蒙古不同生态分区、土地利用类型的过火面积及火点分布,分析该区域野火的时空分布格局,同时结合降水数据,探讨野火年际变化对降水的响应特性。结果表明:1)2002—2014年内蒙古野火火点空间分布格局表现为由东北向西南逐渐减少,高密度火点主要分布在中蒙边境区域、森林-草原区以及平原典型农耕区。2)内蒙古野火过火面积2003年最大,2006年次之,2010年最小,分析表明过火面积的年际变动与火灾高发月降水异常有关。过火面积的季节变化表现为春秋多,冬夏少,尤其是3月、4月、5月和9月灾情严重。在7大生态分区中,90%的过火面积集中在兴安岭山地丘陵区、呼伦贝尔高平原丘陵区和锡林郭勒高平原区,过火面积占比分别为52%、28%和10%。3)野火干扰最严重的土地利用类型为草地,火点主要集中分布于草甸草原和典型草原,其次为农业用地和林地,对其他类型干扰程度最小。充分认识野火时空分布格局有利于深入了解其发生规律,为区域火灾预警监测提供科学依据。
Wildfire is a key disturbance factor in terrestrial ecosystems that greatly influences not only ecosystem patterns and processes, but also maintaining of diversity, productivity and nutrient cycling throughout global ecosystems. Fire is the result of interaction between natural and anthropogenic factors. The determination of the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the fire regimes is critical for predicting the response of fire to climate change and designing strategic fire management plans. Inner Mongolia is an ideal area for studying the distribution patterns of wildfire because of its strategic location, high ecological value and severe wildfire hazards. Inner Mongolia endures severe wildfires, and the area burned by fire in the province is one of the highest among all the provinces in China. Here, we analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of burned areas and fire spots in Inner Mongolia using MCD45A1 burned areas （a monthly Level-3 gridded 500 meter fire burned area product） and MCD12Q1 （Land Cover Type Yearly L3 Global 500 m SIN Grid） land use data for the period 2002-2014. Through the integration of precipitation data, the impact of precipitation on the characteristics of annual variations in wildfire was investigated. The results showed that： 1） the spatial distribution of fire spots gradually decreased from northeast to southwest and the high density areas were mainly distributed in the border region between China and Mongolia, the forest-grassland belt and typical arable zones. 2） The largest wildfire area in Inner Mongolia was in 2003, followed by 2006, and the smallest was in 2010. Analysis showed that the interannual change of burning area was closely linked to fire high-risk monthly precipitation anomaly. The happening of fire showed seasonal variations, which autumn and spring was high-incidence season, especially the months of March, April, May and September. The fire-burned areas in Xing＇anling mountainous and hilly region, Hulunbuir plateau and hi
作者
贾旭
高永
齐呼格金
魏宝成
崔向新
蒙仲举
唐国栋
JIA Xu GAO Yong QI Hugejin WEI Baocheng CUI Xiangxin MENG Zhongju TANG Guodong(College of Desert Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China Fir Control Office of Forestry Administration in Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010020, China College of Earth Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China)
出处
《中国生态农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第1期127-135,共9页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
内蒙古自治区林业厅"森林灾害风险区划及评估"项目资助~~
关键词
野火
时空分布
MODIS
内蒙古
生态分区
土地利用
Wildfire
Spatial and temporal distribution
MODIS
Inner Mongolia
Ecological zone
Land use type
