摘要
家文化、孝文化是中国传统养老方式的支柱。在比较研究中,Jia(家),family,home,household以及house/housing的涵义交叠但并不完全重合,造成养老研究中相关术语既有联系又有区别。中西方养老模式同样既有明显差别又有潜在共同之处。中国家庭及其赡养功能的演变受到人口及计划生育政策的巨大影响,"4-2-1"家庭结构将转变为"4-2-2"家庭结构,这有利于未来家庭养老,但对于当前"婴儿潮"加"独生子女父母"这代人的养老,却是雪上加霜。家庭养老、养儿防老的功能日益减弱,仍然是一些政策与研究的基础。相比之下,西方的居家养老更强调老年人的独立生活与社会支持,而政府责任也并未随着福利国家的衰落以及社区照顾向家庭照顾转变而被忽视。必须跳出对家庭养老的历史缅怀或未来憧憬,切实解决这代老年人"不敢老"的紧迫问题,尊重他们非传统的养老意识和国际主流趋势,大力发展机构养老并探索中国特色的"寻家之路"。要真正地重视社区养老、机构养老、国家的责任、社会服务的提供和老年社会工作专业的作用等,把各种养老设施营造成老年人的新"家"。非常时期针对"潮独"问题发展社会养老,这是当前积极开展老年社会政策研究的一个必然思路。而中国总体公共政策由"经济国家"向"后经济国家"的转变,为沿着这一方向发展提供了历史条件。最后,社会政策研究还要注意所谓"社会福利不可逆"的现象,以免这一有针对性的养老政策在将来过时并造成国家负担过重。
Cultural values of family and filial piety are the backbone of traditional elder care systems in China. The Chinese Jia（家）, however, overlaps but is not equivalent to family, home, household or house/housing, hence differences in related terms in comparative research. China and the West share some potential commonalities as well as uniqueness in elder care practice. Chinese family, particularly its care function, has been affected dramatically by population and birth control measures as one of the country＇ s basic policies, from so - called＂4 - 2 - l＂family structure under the ＂one child＂ policy to an emerging＂4 -2 -2＂ pattern due to the recent conversion to ＂two child＂ policy. This may benefit future eider care by the family, though for the ＂baby boomers＇as parents of the singleton generation, their care in old age will become even more problematic due to doubled childrearing burden of their adult children. Family care for the elderly with Chinese characteristics has become a unique, unprecedented challenge to the Chinese society. The traditional idea of care by one＇ s family or adult children becomes more remote, yet seems still dominating China＇ s elder care research. In contrast, Western societies emphasize independent living of older people with social and state support, and government＇ s responsi- bility has not been overlooked despite the decline of the welfare state and the shift of community care toward care by the family. To get out of nostalgic and futuristic imagination of family care and resolve the pressing issue of this generation of the Chinese fearing to get old, theymust not be regarded as be- ing dependent but actually contributing to their family and society, andbe respected for their non - tra- ditional ideas of old age support reflecting international experiences in developing institutional care. This will help to broaden our horizons in order to truly value community care, institutional care, state responsibility, social service provision, and the professio
出处
《人口与社会》
2017年第1期63-72,共10页
Population and Society
关键词
中国传统家文化
人口老龄化
生育政策
家庭观念
代际差异
“潮独”社会养老需求
居家养老
机构养老
Chinese traditional jia（家） culture
population aging
childbearing policy
family values
intergenerational difference
social care needs of baby boomers with singletons
home - based elder care
institutional care
