摘要
根据产量与施氮量函数模型计算滴灌玉米施氮量,并通过减氮增铵改善滴灌玉米氮素营养,探索滴灌水氮一体化下优化施氮策略。2013—2014年两年田间试验表明:玉米产量、干物质量及氮素吸收量均随施氮量的增加显著升高,当施氮量大于435 kg·hm-2时,则呈下降趋势,表现为N435>N540>N330>N225>N0;减氮增铵处理的上述指标表现为N375+CP>N375>75%N375+CP>N0,当施氮量在330~435 kg·hm-2时,不同处理的玉米氮素吸收量与氮素收获指数差异均不显著,说明在此范围内减氮增铵对玉米干物质积累、玉米氮素营养及产量无负面影响;根据产量与施氮量间函数关系可得天山北坡滴灌玉米经济最佳产量17 049 kg·hm-2下的施氮量为402.5kg·hm-2;施氮和增铵处理可显著增加玉米穗粒数、单穗重;氮肥偏生产力和氮肥利用率均随施氮量增加而下降,氮肥利用率表现为N225(46.6%)>N330(45.8%)>N435(43.6%)>N540(34.6%);滴灌玉米氮肥偏生产力和氮肥利用率均以75%N375+CP处理最高,分别比施氮量在330~435 kg·hm-2之间其他处理的平均值增加了31.4%、27.9%和5.8%、6.4%,说明减氮增铵可显著提高滴灌玉米氮素养分利用效率;天山北坡滴灌玉米优化施氮量为402.5kg·hm-2,通过施用硝化抑制剂与尿素水氮一体化分次施入可实现减氮93.8 kg·hm-2,并显著提高氮肥利用率。
In order to put forward an optimizing N fertilizer application strategy that achieves higher maize production as well as N utilization efficiency synchronously,two-year field plot experiment was carried out in crop growth season of 2013 and 2014. The amount of N was calculated according to the response curve of corn yield to N rates. Meanwhile,the influence of enhanced ammonium nutrition on maize dry weight accumulation,N uptake and maize production were also determined under fertigation condition. Results showed that maize yield,dry matter quantity and N uptake were significantly increased with nitrogen rate increasing from 225 kg·hm^-2to 435 kg·hm^-2,and then decreased when N fertilizer application rate beyond 540 kg·hm^-2. Generally,these traits variation order as N435〉 N540〉 N330 〉N225 〉N0. Furthermore,based on the obtained reasonable N recommendation rate in 2013,nitrapyrin was added with urea to regulate the supply ratio of NH4＋/NO3-（ i. e. enhanced ammonium nutrition）,it was found that all above mentioned traits variation trend as N375＋ CP〉 N375 〉75% N375＋ CP 〉N0 in2014. When nitrogen rate was at 330 - 435 kg·hm^-2,there were no significant differences across all N treatments for both maize N uptake and N harvest index,indicating no negative influence either on dry mater,N uptake or maize yield even if the N recommendation rate reduced by 25% and plus nitrapyrin. According to the responsecurve of maize yield to N application rates,the optimizing economic yield of 17 049 kg·hm^-2was achieved at N application rate of 402. 5 kg·hm^-2. Moreover,Grains per spike and single panicle weight were significantly increased by N fertilizer and nitrapyrin amendment. N fertilizer partial productivity and N using efficiency were decreased with increasing N application rates,and the order of nitrogen use efficiency in deferent treatments was N225（ 46. 6%）〉 N33045. 8%） 〉N435（ 43. 6%） 〉N540（ 34. 6%）. The greatest values for N partial productivity and N using efficiency were o
作者
夏文豪
刘涛
唐诚
王进
褚贵新
XIA Wen-hao LIU Tao TANG Cheng WANG Jin CHU Gui-xin(College of Agronomy, Shihezi University/ Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China Wulanwasu Agro-meteorological Experiment Station, Shihezi , Xinjiang 832003, China)
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第1期79-84,102,共7页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
国家“十二五”科技支撑项目(2012BAD42B02)
关键词
水氮一体化
施氮量
增铵营养
氮肥利用率
滴灌玉米
water and nitrogen integrated management
N application rate
decreasing usage of nitrogen and enhanced ammonium
nitrogen use efficiency
maize under drip irrigation
