摘要
古埃及文字是古埃及文明产生的重要标志之一。通过对发现在陶器、印章、岩石、标签等古埃及早期物品上的符号和图画的分析,我们得出古埃及文字系统形成的技术条件,即从旧石器时期到公元前3320年,古埃及的大量符号和图画孕育了基本的造字原则,其中的一些符号具备了形符和意符的功能。此外,通过考察古埃及早期的物质文化遗存、社会交流范围、政权的建立情况,我们得出文字系统形成的基本社会条件,即从公元前3320年到公元前2900年,统治范围较大的地方政权特别是统一国家的出现、对外交流的频繁和书吏数量的增加是古埃及文字系统产生的主要动因。故此,古埃及文字的产生是在技术条件和社会条件相互作用下产生的,二者缺一不可,共同推动了古埃及文字的产生。
Theorigin of ancient Egyptian writing is one of the most important symbols of Egyptian civilization.This article regards lots of marks and pictures on the stone,pottery,seals,labels and so on as the main basis,analyzing the technical conditions of the origin of Egyptian Writing.From Paleolithic Period to 3320BC(Tomb U-j),ancient Egypt accumulated a lot of marks and pictures,and cultivate principles of the creation of writing with their development,some signs have the function of logogram and ideogram.That is to say,the technical conditions of the origin of Egyptian writing have emerged very early.In addition,by investigating the early material culture,the scope of social intercourse,the establishment of local regime of ancient Egypt,analyzing the social conditions of the origin of Egyptian writing.From 3320 BC to about 2900BC(the beginning of the reign of Den),the emergence of some local regimes,especially a unified state,frequent exchanges with foreign countries and the increased number of scribes are the important social conditions for the emergence of Egyptian writing.Therefore,the generation of the ancient Egyptian writing is under the technical and social condition interacted on each other,both of them are indispensable,they promoted the origin of ancient Egyptian writing together.
出处
《外国问题研究》
2016年第4期93-100,共8页
FOREIGN HISTORY STUDIES
基金
国家社会科学基金项目"新王国时期古代埃及经济文献整理研究"(编号:13BSS008)
