摘要
学术自由的概念经历过历史的衍变。中世纪大学中的"学术自由"主要是指大学和大学师生作为个体以及由其组成的社团整体所享有的特许权的总和,包括结社自治、罢课、迁徙、教会司法、通行执教资格等。博洛尼亚和巴黎是中世纪大学的主要策源地,它们获得的特许状(令)是中世纪大学之"学术自由"的例证;中世纪大学教师加兰的约翰留下的信札对理解与阐释中世纪的"学术自由"也有重要的辅助意义。本文通过对官方与私人两类史料进行考查与释读,厘清中世纪大学的"学术自由"与近现代学术自由的分野,剥离教研自由与大学在中世纪起源时期的关系。
The concept of academic liberty has undergone a historical evolution.The 'libertas scholastica' in medieval universities generally refers to the total privileges enjoyed by a university and its professors and students as both individuals and a corporation.It includes the rights of forming autonomous societies,boycotting classes,migration,ecclesiastical jurisdiction,approving teaching licenses,and so on.Bologna and Paris were the main origins of medieval universities,and the special charters they received are examples of the 'libertas scholastica' in medieval universities.Further,an open letter left by a medieval professor John of Garland also has a significant supplementary meaning for understanding and explaining the medieval 'libertas scholastica.' This paper clarifies the distinction between the 'libertas scholastica' in medieval universities and the academic freedom in modern ages through critical studies of official and private historical records,and it disconnects the relationship between freedoms of teaching and researching and universities in their origins in the Medieval period.
出处
《北京大学教育评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第1期89-106,共18页
Peking University Education Review
基金
清华大学人文社科振兴项目(20145080971)
