摘要
防空避难设施是为便于人们躲避空袭而修筑的军事设施。抗战时期西安的防空避难设施主要有防空地下室、城墙防空洞、防空壕以及城外防空窑洞等多种形式,不同形式的避难设施其建设过程、分布及实际作用各有不同。通过对这些避难设施三个方面的分类梳理,可以发现1939——1940年是西安防空避难设施建设的关键之年,一方面,避难设施由单一转变为多元,规模大增;另一方面,防空避难设施的建设由以防空地下室为主转变为以城墙防空洞和防空壕为主,其分布也从城内向城墙和城外转移。防空便门、顺城路和环城路的相继开通将这些避难设施最终联系起来,形成了覆盖城内外的防空避难体系。在这一体系中,多样化的避难设施相互补充、相互配合,满足了不同人群在各种情况下的避难需求,更加全面地保证了民众安全。同时,随着疏散工作的展开,城外防空窑洞亦逐渐转变为疏散安置之所。
The Air defense refuge facility is build for people to evade the air—raid.The Air defense refuge facilities in Xi＇an consisted of several forms such as anti-aircraft basement,the Wall air-raid shelter,the antiaircraft dugout as well as air-raid cave during the Anti-Japanese War.Different facilities consist of different construction process,distribution and practical function.Through the studies on these three different sides,we can find the year between 1939—1940is the key year of air defense refuge facilities construction in xi＇an.,different form of refuge facilities were built in large scale.The War-raid shelter and dugout became the main form during this period.With the using of the air defense wicket,shuncheng road（顺城路）and huancheng road（环城路）,these facilities were connected and formed a refuge system which cover the urban and the suburban.In this system,the various forms of air defense facilities played importment roles in protecting safety of human beings of Xi＇an and minimizing losses by mutual complementation and interaction.With the beginning of evacuation,the air—raid cave turned into a place for aftercare.
出处
《中国历史地理论丛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第4期81-93,共13页
Journal of Chinese Historical Geography
基金
2014年陕西师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目<明清民国西安城墙建修工程研究>(14SZYB21)
西安城墙历史文化研究会课题项目<明清民国西安城墙维修保护史研究>资助成果
关键词
抗战时期
西安
防空避难设施
Anti-Japanese War Times
Xi＇an
The Air defense refuge facilities
