摘要
【目的】了解不同演替阶段的森林种群结构及更新状态可以为促进森林群落演替提供理论参考。【方法】基于3块样地数据,分析不同演替阶段的杨桦次生林、云冷杉针阔混交林和云冷杉近原始林内主要乔木树种及幼树的种群结构,并用O-ring单变量统计分析幼树空间分布格局。【结果】随着演替进行,群落内乔木株数逐渐减少,而胸高断面积相反。先锋树种白桦、杨树等逐渐退出群落。3个群落主林层乔木径阶分布均呈倒"J"形,次生林以小径级林木为主,另外两个群落以中、大径级林木居多。3个群落幼树种类单一,白桦、杨树等先锋树种鲜有幼树出现;云冷杉针阔混交林幼树数量充足,且幼树随地径级呈负指数分布;次生林内幼树最少,但地径、苗高明显优于其他两个群落。次生林群落幼树以随机分布为主,云冷杉林和近原始林中冷杉、云杉及色木幼树在小尺度呈明显的聚集分布,随尺度增大多呈均匀或随机分布。【结论】杨桦次生林和云冷杉针阔混交林处于正向演替进程中,而近原始林树种结构不合理,更新较差,应采取择伐等经营措施调整其结构,促进林分发展。
[ Objective] Understanding the structure characteristics of dominant tree species and their saplings during for- est succession stages had an important role in forest restoration and forest management. [ Method] On the basis of analysis on three forest types （ poplar-birch secondary forest, spruce-fir mixed forest and spruce-fir near pristine forest） at differ- ent succession stages in Changbai Mountain, the important value and the univariate O-ring function statistic were used to analyze the dominance and spatial patterns of the main tree species and their saplings. [ Result ] The numbers of adult tree were decreasing gradually with the succession, which was opposite to basal area. Pioneer species, such as Betula platyphylla, Populus davidiana, would disappear from the community gradually. Tree diameter distribution showed the reverse J-shape form in all types, most part of trees had small diameter at breast height （DBH） in poplar-birch seconda- ry forest while trees with intermediary and large diameter dominated the other two types. Species of saplings were less and saplings for pioneer species rarely appeared, spruce-fir mixed forest had sufficient saplings with negative exponential dis- tribution. The amount of sapling in secondary forest was the least, but basal diameter and height of saplings were signifi- cantly better than the other two types. Most of saplings in secondary forest were randomly distributed. However, saplings in spruce-fir mixed forest and spruce-fir near pristine forest were clumped significantly in 0-5 m scales, then they were distributed uniformly or randomly with scales increase. [ Conclusion ] Poplar-birch secondary forest and spruce-fir mixed forest are in the process of positive forest succession, while the structure of the spruce-fir near pristine forest is unreason- able and the forest regeneration is poor. Measures like selective cutting should be taken to provide a more suitable envi- ronment for saplings and promote the process of forest succession.
出处
《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第1期109-116,共8页
Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition
基金
国家林业局"948"项目(2013-4-66)
关键词
森林演替
杨桦次生林
云冷杉林
近原始林
幼树
群落组成
空间分布
长白山
forest succession
poplar-birch secondary forest
mixed forest
spruce-fir near pristine forest
sapling
com-munity composition
saplings
spatial distribution
Changbai Mountain
