摘要
概念语义是时代精神的浓缩,可以通过解读核心概念的语义来透视时代的精神状况。20世纪上半期,"人民"语义发生过两次重大转型:一是以"人民-奴隶"为思考范式的转型,二是以"人民-敌人"为思考范式的转型。第一次转型发生于清末民初时期,主要以欧洲近代启蒙思想作为灵感来源,旨在把传统臣民转变成现代公民,赋予人民以现代政治道德和政治权利是此次转型的主要内容,建立近代资产阶级民主国家是其主要目标。第二次转型发生于20世纪三四十年代的中共领导区域,主要以马克思主义作为灵感来源,以阶级性和革命性作为区分人民的核心标准,人民主要指具有高度革命性的无产阶级及其同盟者,建立人民民主专政共和国是此次语义转型的主要目标。两次语义转型不仅反映了20世纪上半期两种迥异的国家建构方略,而且还隐含着丰富的方法论含义。
Conceptual semantics is the condensed sprit of the times. By interpreting the semantic meaning of core concepts in a certain era,we can understand the spiritual conditions at the time. In the first half of the 20 th century,the semantic meaning of 'people'( renmin) had experienced two great transformations: one was based on the'people-slave'paradigm and the other on the'people-enemy'paradigm. The first transformation,which took place in the end of the Qing dynasty and the early years of the Republic of China,referred to the thoughts of the European Enlightenment movement. It aimed at changing the traditional subjects of the feudal rulers to modern citizens,entitling them with modern political morality and political rights,and constructing a modern Capitalist democratic country.The second transformation occurred in the Communist Party-dominated regions in the 1930 s and 1940 s.This time Marxism was the source of thoughts,and class and revolution were the key criteria for discerning the people and others. The meaning of 'people'was restricted to highly revolutionary proletar-ians and their allies. The main goal of this semantic transformation was to build the people's republican country with democratic dictatorship. In a word,the two semantic transformations have not only reflected the two contrasting strategies of nation-building in the first half of the 20 th century,but also contained significant methodological implications.
出处
《政治学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第6期60-70,共11页
CASS Journal of Political Science
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“当前主要社会思潮的最新发展动态及其批判研究”(16ZD100)的研究成果
关键词
人民
语义
国家建构
people
semantics
nation-building
