摘要
国际上，旅游税（污染者付费原则）和旅游费（使用者付费原则）是广泛应用的解决旅游引起的环境外部性问题的方法，其中，住宿税、燃油税和（额外）门票费是一些最常见的例子；作为科斯市场解决环境外部性问题的方法，生态系统（环境）服务付费（受益者付费原则）在旅游领域已逐渐引起重视。海岛生态系统脆弱，海岛型旅游目的地环境的可持续性是海岛旅游可持续发展的必要条件，海岛旅游发展威胁海岛型旅游目的地环境的可持续性。本文运用生态系统（环境）服务付费（PES）和条件价值评估法（CVM），以普陀山、朱家尖、桃花岛和南北长山岛为例，以2013年为评价基准年份，通过调查游客对4个海岛型旅游目的地海洋生态系统提供景观、游泳、调节温度、吸收CO2等服务和森林生态系统提供景观、乘凉、蓄积淡水、吸收CO2等服务的支付意愿，评估了4个海岛型旅游目的地的生态补偿标准；并从游客个人收入差异、生态系统服务差异、游客旅行成本差异等3个方面分析了4个海岛型旅游目的地人均生态补偿标准差异的原因。结果表明：①2013年，4个海岛型旅游目的地的生态补偿标准分别为普陀山44A．64．22×10^4元，朱家尖7736．76×10^4元，桃花岛4324．54×10^4元，南北长山岛6756．98×10^4元；②4个海岛型旅游目的地人均生态补偿标准（人均WTP值或人均PES值）分别为普陀山74．77元／人次，朱家尖72．34歹己／人次，桃花岛68．95元／人次，南北长山岛51．58元／人次；③游客个人收入差异是海岛型旅游目的地人均生态补偿标准差异的主要影响因素。
Tourist taxes （based on the polluter pays principle） and fees （based on the user pays principle） have become increasingly popular worldwide in addressing environmental problems of external effects associated with tourism,of which accommodation taxes,fuel taxes and （extra） entrance fees are some of the most common examples. As a Coasean market solution to the environmental problems of externalities, payments for ecosystem/environmental services （PES, based on the beneficiary pays principle ） have attracted increasing interests in the tourist eco-compensation researches. The ecosystems of the islands are fragile and easily impacted. The environmental sustainability of island tourist destination （ITD） becomes a necessary condition for island tourism sustainability,and island tourism development can endanger environmental sustainability of lTD. Based on PES and CVM （contingent valuation method）, the tourists＇ willingness to pay for marine ecosystem services （ consisting of landscape, swimming, temperature regulation and carbon sink services） and for forest ecosystem services （ consisting of landscape, shade, storage water and carbon sink services）, were investigated in four ITDs （i. e. Mount Putuo, Zhujiajian, Taohua Island and South-North Changshan Islands）. Then ecological compensation standards （ECS） of four ITDs were assessed in the base year 2013. The reasons for the difference of per capita ECS in four ITDs were analyzed from three aspects of tourists＇ personal income, ecosystem services and tourists＇ travel cost difference. The results show that： The ECSs of Mount Putuo, Zhujiajian, Taohua Island and South-North Changshan Islands were respectively 44464. 22×10^4 ,7736. 76 ×10^4 ,4324. 54 × 10^4 and 6756. 98 × 10^4 RMB in 2013. And per capita ECS （ i. e. per capita WTP bids or per capita PES bids） in four ITDs were 74.77,72.34,68.95 and 51.58 RMB. The main influential factors of the differences of per capita ECS in four ITDs were tourists＇ personal incom
作者
肖建红
王敏
于庆东
张志刚
XIAO Jianhong WANG Min YU Qingdong ZHANG Zhigang(Business College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China)
出处
《旅游科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第4期30-45,共16页
Tourism Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目"海岛型旅游目的地生态补偿标准研究"(41301622)
山东省自然科学基金项目"基于空间尺度的海岛型旅游目的地生态补偿标准研究"(ZR2013GQ005)
山东省软科学项目"山东滨海湿地游憩价值评估"(2014RKB01415)
山东省高等学校人文社科研究项目"海岛资源环境承载力与经济发展程度协调度研究"(J14WE24)
关键词
海岛型旅游目的地
生态补偿标准
差异
生态系统(环境)服务付费
条件价值评估法
island tourist destination
ecological compensation standard
difference
payments forecosystem/environmental services
contingent valuation method
