摘要
【目的】新疆盐渍土具有分布广、面积大,类型多样的特点。耕地中受不同盐渍化危害的面积达到1/3。在水资源日益紧缺的现状下,水利工程措施改良盐碱地难以开展,利用种植盐生植物进行盐碱土改良的研究非常迫切。【方法】以准噶尔盆地西北缘盐碱荒地为对象,开展沙拐枣、胡杨、沙枣、四翅滨藜、梭梭、柽柳6种盐生植物的种植试验,通过对种植1 a和2 a后的土壤盐分含量的观测,研究其盐分变化情况。【结果】（1）种植植被两年后,随着植被生长量的增加,土壤中的盐分含量明显下降,并且30~60 cm这一层次下降的幅度大于0~30 cm的下降幅度,表层种植两年后脱盐率为16.25%~41.91%,30~60 cm种植两年后的脱盐率则为70.45%~85.42%。其中沙枣的脱盐率最高,四翅滨藜的脱盐率最低。（2）种植植物一年,各处理在0~30cm土层中土壤总盐从大到小依次为沙拐枣≥胡杨≥沙枣≥四翅滨藜≥柽柳≥梭梭。30~60 cm土壤中,总盐从大到小依次为梭梭≥胡杨≥沙枣≥柽柳≥四翅滨藜≥沙拐枣。（3）种植植物一年,不同耐盐植被覆盖条件下,Ca^2＋和Mg^2＋差异性不显著,种植耐盐植物,主要影响了HCO3-、Cl-、SO42-、K＋和Na＋的浓度。【结论】种植耐盐植物可以有效的促进土壤耕层含盐量下降,以新疆本土的盐生植物的降盐效果更为明显。
[ Objective] The saline soil in Xinjiang is characterized by wide distribution, large area and varied types. 1/3 of cultivated land is threatened by salinization, which is main problem in agricultural pro- duction of Xinjiang. Under the situation of increasingly scarce water resources, it is difficult to carry out water conservancy engineering measures to improve the soil salinity land. This project aims at planting soil- endur- ing vegetation to overcome this urgent problem. [ Method ] Elaeagnus angustifolial, C. densum Borszcz, Chi- nese tamarisk, Atyiplex canescen, Hedysarum mongolicum Turcz, Populus euphratica Oliv were planted in saline soils in Northwest of Junggar Basin for studying the changes of the soil salinity after planting halophyte. [ Re- sult ] （ 1 ） The salt contents of saline soil obviously decreased after planting two years. The decrease amplitude at 30 - 60 cm depth was bigger that at 0 - 30 cm depth. The desalinization ration of 0 - 30 cm was 16.25% - 41.91%. The desalinization ration of 30 -60 cm was 70.45% -85.42%. （2） The salt contents of saline soil order was Calligonum mongolicumTurcz 〉 Populus euphratica Oliv 〉 Elaeagnus angustifolial 〉 Atyiplex canescen 〉 Chinese tamarisk 〉 Hedysarum mongolicum Turcz in 0 -30 cm depth after planting one year. The salt contents of saline soil order was Hedysarum mongolicum Turcz 〉 Populus euphratica Oliv 〉 Elaeagnus an- gustifolial 〉 Atyiplex canescen 〉 Chinese tamarisk 〉 Calligonum mongolicum Turcz at 30 - 60 cm depth after planting one year. （3） There wasnt obvious difference at Ca^2＋ , Mg^2＋ of saline soil alter planting plants but there was significant difference at HCO3 ^- , Cl^- , SO4^2- , K ^＋ and Na^＋ after planting soil - tolerant halophyte one year. [ Conclusion ] The effect of soil salinity amelioration is obvious by planting halophyte plants, the de- salinization effect of local halophyte plants is better than the introduced plants.
作者
单娜娜
赖波
杨志莹
邵华伟
扎志浩
SHAN Na - na LAI Bo YANG Zhi - ying SHAO Hua - wei ZHA Zhi - hao(Research Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China Soil and Fertilizer Station of Agricultural Department of Xinjiang , Urumqi 830011, China)
出处
《新疆农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第12期2314-2320,共7页
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
自治区科技支撑项目"盐渍化低产田生物改良技术与产品中试"(201531118)~~
关键词
盐生植物
重度盐荒地
脱盐率
盐碱土改良
halophyte plants
salt wasteland
desalinization ratio
soil salinity amelioration
