摘要
通过实地调查和文献查阅形成云南外来脊椎动物名录,结果显示,云南现有外来脊椎动物80种,其中鱼类51种,两栖爬行类7种,鸟类14种,哺乳类8种。依照它们进入生态系统的方式和繁殖情况可以归纳为4类:1)主动引入不能自然繁殖型;2)主动引入能够自然繁殖型;3)被动引入能够自然繁殖型;4)养殖逃逸、遗弃或者放生型。在80种外来脊椎动物中,目前对环境和生态系统构成危害的种类有23种。低等脊椎动物(鱼类和两栖类)更易造成入侵。盲目将一些鱼类引入云南的湖泊是造成外来物种入侵的最大根源;养殖户的私自引种和观赏动物的引种(花鸟市场)是目前最无序的、最缺乏管理的防控环节。建议规范引种程序,用法律来规范引种行为并加强对放生的正确引导与科学宣传。
This study made a list of Yunnan alien vertebrate species by field surveys and literature review. The results showed that there were 80 alien vertebrate species in Yunnan, among them, 51 species of fresh water fish, 7 species of amphibians and reptiles, 14 species of birds, and 8 species of mammals. According to the way they got into the ecological system and their reproduction cases, this paper summarized vertebrate species into 4 categories ： 1 ） active introduced but unable natural propagation ; 2） active introduced and able natural propagation; 3） passive introduced and able natural propagation; 4） escaped from the ponds, abandoned or released into nature. In 80 species of alien vertebrates, there were 23 species being harmful to the environment and ecosystem. Lower vertebrates （fish and amphibians） were more likely to cause invasion. Some fish species which introduced unscientifically into the lakes of Yunnan was the largest source of alien species invasion. Individual fish introduction by farmers and introduction of ornamental animal were the most disordered and lack of management. In order to strengthen the prevention and control of alien species, the procedures must be standardized and law must be used to regulate the introduction behavior. Moreover, the paper also suggested to strengthen the propaganda of free captive animals scientifically.
作者
李明会
赵衡
周伟
LI Minghui ZHAO Heng ZHOU Wei(Faculty of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Yunnan Forest Disaster Warning and Controlling Kunming 650224, China Longxi-Hongkou National Natural Reserve Management Authority, Dujiangyan, Sichuan 611830, China)
出处
《林业调查规划》
2016年第5期118-127,共10页
Forest Inventory and Planning
基金
西南林业大学云南省省级重点学科(林学)资助
关键词
外来物种
生物入侵
脊椎动物
入侵危害
引种
放生
防控措施
alien species
bio-invasion
vertebrates
invasive damage
invasive species
free captive animals
prevention and control measures
