摘要
同治初年,常熟形成以世家大族为特征的地方权力格局。戊戌政变期间,这些世家大族卷入朝廷权力斗争,翁同龢等人与慈禧太后的亲信刚毅成为政敌。戊戌政变后,刚毅清理田赋,对常熟士绅进行政治打击。当地青年士绅不满地方权力结构,他们组织中西学社,争夺由世家大族控制的地方经费。他们也不满刚毅的政治打击,沈鹏在《国闻报》刊布弹劾刚毅等人之奏稿,引起朝野震动。徐兆玮提出"士气"论,认为士绅应当承担田赋征纳的责任,参与地方事务,进而伸张民权。这种思想受到江南经世思想传统及西方民权思想的影响,反映了当时常熟青年士绅的普遍观念。清末新政之后,认同"士气"论的常熟青年士绅逐渐主导地方政治,开启了新的地方权力格局。
In the early years of the Tongzhi reign,apower structure characterized by prominent families took shape in Changshu.During the Wuxu Coup of 1898,these families became involved in the power struggles at court.Weng Tonghe and others became political opponents of Gang Yi,a trusted follower of Empress Dowager Cixi.After the coup,Gang Yi reorganized the land tax,and took the opportunity to launch political attacks on the gentry of Changshu.Young men among the Changshu gentry,dissatisfied with the local power structure,organized a Zhongxi Xueshe(Chinese and Western learning society),competing for local funds controlled by the prominent families.They were also unhappy about Gang Yi's political attacks.Shen Peng published a draft memorial impeaching Gang Yi and others in Guowen Bao(National News),shocking both the court and the localities.Xu Zhaowei put forward the theory of shiqi(spirit of the gentry),arguing that the gentry should take responsibility for levying the land tax,participate in local affairs,and promote the rights of the people.Reflecting the prevailing view among theyoung gentry of Changshu,this approach came from the tradition of pragmatic statecraft in the thought of the Jiangnan region;it was also influenced by Western ideas of civil rights.After the Gengzi Reform in the late Qing dynasty,the young gentry in Changshu who accepted the shiqi theory became dominant in local politics,creating a new local power structure.
出处
《历史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第6期70-85,共16页
Historical Research
