摘要
波动是物质存在的一种形态,又是物质运动的独特形式。波科学研究经典波动和量子波动,而这二者不能截然分开。例如电磁波既是宏观的经典波,又是与微观世界相联系的波;这反映在光子身上,它是一种独特的微观粒子。1926年Schrdinger创造了量子波动力学,Schrdinger方程成为反映量子世界运动规律的基本方程。量子力学中波函数的复杂化来源于非经典波动的复杂性;通常认为光子是电磁场量子,但似不应把光子等同于电磁波。如光子也像电子那样(波动性有统计性质),它与经典电磁波确实不完全一样,讨论"光子的几率波方程问题"并不为错。故我们说光子至今没有自己专属的波函数和波方程,因而无法确切地代表和呈现光子奇怪的特性。改进波科学理论的一个重要内容是电磁波自洽的数学逻辑结构,为此要使用与经典力学(CM)中不同的数学方法,例如矢量算子理论和广义函数论。Newton的经典力学和Einstein的相对论力学主要针对实物(粒子或物体)而建立,但场与波并非实体物质。量子力学(QM)中的算子运算方法和波函数空间概念对波科学研究有重要意义,而现代电磁场理论非常适合波科学分析,能提供基本的电磁波矢量方程组,并突出地把旋量场、无旋场区分开来。波速研究是波科学探索的一个重点和突破口,尽管波科学研究不能脱离经典力学,但不能完全沿用CM的思维方式,波速的标量性就是证明。本文对波科学中群速公式的重新推导表明,2000年公布的WKD负群速实验并非"在计算公式上犯了错误"。……自1970年以来科学界开展的对"光脉冲负波速传播"的理论与实验研究,在今天仍深具启发性,因它关系到对"负时间"和"超前波"的理解。相关的研究以及对Bose双三棱镜中的消失态研究,丰富了波科学的内容,并改进了对它的认识。最后,关于2016年2月美国LIGO宣布的"发现
Wave is a form of material existence, but also a unique form of material movement. Wave science studies classical waves and quantum waves, and these two can not be separated. For example,electromagnetic waves are not only the classical wave of the macrocosm, but also the waves associated with the microscopic world. That is reflected in the photon, which is a unique microscopic particle. In 1926, Schrodinger created the quantum wave mechanics,and the Sehrodinger equation became the basic equation that reflected the laws of motion in the quantum world. The complexity of the wave function in quantum mechanics comes from the complexity of the nonclassical wave. Photons are generally considered to be electromagnetic field quantaes, but photons should not be equated with electromagnetic waves. Such as the photon is also like electrons （wave nature has statistical properties）, and the photon is not exactly the same as the classic electromagnetic wave ,so discussed＂photon probability wave equation problem＂ is not wrong. So it is said that that photons have not their own proprietary wave function and wave equation, therefore photon strange properties can not be accurately represented and presented. An important content of the wave science is the self - consistent mathematical logic structure of electromagnetic wave. To this end, a mathematical method different from the classical mechanics （CM） was used, such as theory of vector operator and theory of generalized function. Newton＇ s classical mechanics and Einstein＇ s relativity mechanics are mainly for particles or objects, but the field and the wave is not a substance material. The method of operator operation and the concept of wave function space in quantum mechanics（QM） have great significance to the study of wave science,while modem electromagnetic field theory is very suitable for the analysis of wave science, can provide the basic vector equations of electro- magnetic waves, and conspicuously separates curl field and non- curl fields. The study
出处
《中国传媒大学学报（自然科学版）》
2016年第6期1-22,共22页
Journal of Communication University of China：Science and Technology
关键词
波科学
波动力学
经典波动
量子波动
电磁波
引力波
光子
wave sciences
wave mechanics
classical waves
quantum waves
electromagnetic waves
gravitational waves
photons
