摘要
目的调查某稀有金属材料厂职业卫生通风防护设施状况和防护效果。方法通过现场调查了解该厂生产工艺流程、生产设备和主要职业病危害因素,了解卫生通风防护设施组成、数量和分布情况,并对通风防护设施和职业病危害因素进行检测与评价。结果主要职业病危害因素有镉及其化合物、碲及其化合物。车间全面通风采用活塞流气流组织类型,人均新风量为250~343 m^3/h,符合卫生要求;蒸馏区、镉粉区、合成区和破碎区全面通风换气次数分别为13.7、15.1、11.5、11.3次/h,除合成区和破碎区略低于12次/h的卫生要求,其他车间全面通风换气次数均符合卫生要求;局部通风排风罩罩口平均风速0.85~2.96 m/s,存在罩口风速不均现象;蒸馏区、合成区、镉粉区和破碎区镉及其化合物浓度合格率分别为100.0%、77.8%、83.3%和66.7%,各生产区碲及其化合物浓度符合卫生标准。结论该厂卫生通风设施起到一定防护作用,但仍需调整罩口风速和风量,加强通风设施的维护和保养。
Objective To investigate the status and effect of the occupational health protective ventilation at a rare metal factory. Methods The factory was investigated to know the production technology,the occupational hazards and the facilities of the industrial ventilation. The industrial ventilation and the occupational hazards were tested. Results The main occupational hazards were cadmium and its compounds,tellurium and its compounds. The air distribution of the general ventilation in the work rooms was piston air. The average person＇s fresh air rate was 250- 343 m3/ h,and it met the requirement of health standards. The frequency of general ventilation air change at the distillation area,the powder of cadmium area,the synthesis area and the crush area were 13. 7 time / h,15. 1 time / h,11. 5 time / h and 11. 3 time / h respectively. Except the synthesis area and the crush area which frequency of air change were lesser than 12 time / h,all the other frequency of general ventilation air change of the workshop met the requirement of health standards. The range of the air velocity of the exhaust hoods was 0. 85- 2. 96 m / s,and the air velocity was instability at the exhaust hoods. The passing rates of the concentrations of cadmium in the distillation area,the synthesis area,the powder of cadmium area and the crush area were100. 0%,77. 8%,83. 3% and 66. 7% respectively. The concentrations of tellurium in all the working room met the requirement of health standards. Conclusion The facilities of the industrial ventilation were effective in some ways to prevent occupational hazards,but it should be improved further,and it should be kept in good repair further.
出处
《中国卫生工程学》
CAS
2016年第5期431-434,共4页
Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering
关键词
碲
镉
职业卫生
通风
Tellurium
Cadmium
Occupational health
Ventilation
