摘要
采用12°坡度径流小区,研究了自然降雨条件下前期地膜覆盖(前膜)、前期覆膜后期秸秆覆盖(前膜后秸秆)、全生育期地膜覆盖(全膜)处理对土地整治后养分流失的影响。结果表明,全膜处理总氮、总磷和水溶性钾损失分别达0.58~6.83 kg/hm^2、21.46~1 482.01 g/hm^2和2.69~4.11 kg/hm^2,且氮、磷的损失以颗粒态为主。前期水溶性氮损失以铵态氮为主,而后期则以硝态氮为主。与前膜处理相比,全膜处理能够减少径流总氮、总磷和水溶性钾的损失。与全膜处理相比,前膜后秸秆处理第一年和第三年径流总氮损失量减少了58.37%和32.07%,总磷损失量减少了66.86%和36.33%。全膜处理与前膜后秸秆处理水溶性钾损失量相当。总之,前膜后秸秆处理作为一种有效的覆盖措施能够减少土地整治区养分流失。
By setting up runoff plots with slopes of 12° in land restoration area of western Hubei,the effects of three mulching treatments（film mulching at early growth stage,film mulching at early growth stage and rice straw mulching at late growth stage,and film mulching during whole growth period） on nutrients loss under natural rainfall condition were studied. The results showed that the quantity of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and water soluble potassium loss were 0.58 to 6.83 kg/hm^2,21.46 to 1 482.01 g/hm^2 and 2.69 to 4.11 kg/hm^2,respectively,and the primary form of nitrogen and phosphorus loss was particulate form. At early growth stage,primarily in the nitrate form rather than the ammonium form,and nitrate form was predominant at late growth stage. Comparing to film mulching at early growth stage,the treatment of film mulching during whole growth period reduced the loss of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and water soluble potassium. When compared with film mulching during whole growth period, the total nitrogen loss of film mulching at early growth stage and rice straw mulching at late growth stage treatment decreased by 58.37% and 32.07%,and total phosphorus loss reduced by 66.86% and 36.33% in first and third year. The equivalent water soluble potassium loss were obtained between film mulching at early growth stage and rice straw mulching at late growth stage and film mulching during whole growth period. Therefore,the nutrients loss can be effectively reduced in soil restoration area by using film mulch at early growth stage and rice straw mulch at late growth stage.
出处
《湖北农业科学》
2016年第17期4370-4374,共5页
Hubei Agricultural Sciences
基金
湖北省农业科技创新项目(2011-620-003-03-05)
湖北省烟草公司科技项目(027Y2013-004)
关键词
土地整治
覆盖措施
养分流失
壤中流
地表径流
鄂西
land restoration
mulching pattern
nutrient loss
subsurface runoff
surface runoff
western Hubei
