摘要
海菜花(Ottelia acuminate)的花葶具有较高食用和药用价值,为了探究人为刺激对其生长及形态特征的影响,同时为了保护和恢复高原湖泊特有雌雄异株的珍稀沉水植物,通过实际观察和测量,采用海菜花营养生长及生殖生长的不同部位形态特征作为对比,选取植株的整体叶面积、叶柄、叶片数、花葶总数、长度、佛焰苞内花朵数目、佛焰苞基座大小指标,在种植密度和摘叶留葶处理的人为干扰作用下,比较这些指标在雌雄植株间的差异情况,通过单因子方差分析检测其差异的显著性,为人工高效种植、生产优质海菜花提供理论依据。结果表明,从营养生长方面来说,在2种人为因素影响下,雄株无论整体还是单片叶面积水平均与雌株有显著相关关系,而叶片数量、叶柄与植株性别间不存在相关关系;从生殖生长的角度上来说,佛焰苞内花朵数目与性别有显著相关关系,雌株佛焰苞内花朵数小于等于7朵,雄株则大于等于10朵;雄株能够在花期内保持最大花葶数以保证同花期内的雌株受粉,雌株的花葶虽然数量较少,但质量更好,经人为摘叶后质量更佳,佛焰苞更大,随性别分化明显,而花葶长度可以在种植密度不同时,成为对比鉴定其性别特征的辅助手段。从经济效益角度出发,首选种植雌株且一定程度上合理的密植,可以达到高产高效的目的。
Peduncles of Ottelia acuminata,a rare dioecious water plant in the plateau lakes of China＇ s Yunnan Province,are highly sought after by consumers for their delectable taste and medicinal value. In this study,we investigated the anthropogenic impacts on the growth and morphological features of O. acuminata,to support both the conservation and restoration of the species,and to increase the profitability of cultivation. Several morphological features of both genders were measured during the plant＇s vegetative and reproductive phases： total leaf area,number of leaves,petiole length,number and length of peduncles,number of flowers per spathe and diameter of spathe base. These traits determine the commercial value as food and as an ingredient in traditional medicines. The effect of two factors arising from cultivation,selective culling of leaves and reserving peduncles,were determined in both genders by the one-way ANOVA. Peduncle length was used to determine gender during the experiments. The method provides a theoretical basis for optimizing peduncles in order to increase profitability. Results show that vegetative growth,both total leaf area and single leaf area,is gender-linked,even though seedlings of both gender were treated identically,i. e.,culling leaves and reserving peduncles. The number of leaves and petiole length did not vary with gender but,in reproductive growth,the number of flowers in spathes is strongly gender-related; the number of female flowers in spathes is less than seven,while the number of male flowers in spathes is more than ten.The male plants are able to sustain the blossoms of nearly all peduncles to ensure that all female plants are pollinated during the flowering period. The number of peduncles in female plants is lower but of better quality than in male plants. A larger number of spathes is obtained from female plants through selective culling of leaves and reserving peduncles. When planted in different densities,the length of the peduncles also serves as a method for gender ident
出处
《水生态学杂志》
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第6期42-50,共9页
Journal of Hydroecology
基金
云南省社会发展科技计划项目(2012CA014)
关键词
海菜花
沉水植物
摘叶留葶
种植密度
性别差异
形态差异
Ottelia acuminata
submerged plants
culling leaves and reserving peduncles
planting density
gender differences
