摘要
随着城市工业化的快速发展,环境问题日趋严重,土壤污染状况不容乐观.铬盐作为重要的工业原料,用于多种产品的生产工艺中,因此带来了严重的铬污染.为此,学者们进行了大量的工作,探索能够有效地修复被铬污染的土壤的方法,而纳米材料因其独特的结构、良好的性能逐渐成为研究热点.作者主要根据纳米材料的分类:纳米零价金属材料、碳质纳米材料、纳米金属氧(硫)化物、纳米半导体材料、纳米型粘土矿物、纳米型聚合物等六大类,分别概述了目前国内外利用各种纳米修复剂进行铬污染土壤修复的研究成果和现状.文献调研与分析表明,目前用于修复土壤铬污染的修复剂主要以纳米零价金属材料与纳米金属氧(硫)化物为主,而其他纳米材料使用的相对较少.最后,总结了纳米材料修复铬污染土壤的特点、优势及不足之处,并对未来的发展和应用前景作了展望.
With the rapid development of urban industrialization, environmental problems become more and more serious, and the situation of soil pollution is not optimistic. As an important industrial raw material, chromate has been used for the production of various products, while it brings serious chromium pollution. Therefore, a lot of works have been carried out on the decontamination of chromium contaminated soil. The nanomaterials have become a hot research topic because of their unique structures and good performance. Such nano-materials could be divided into six categories, that is, nano-zero-valent metals, carbonaceous nanomaterials, nano-metal oxide （sulfur） compounds, nano-semiconductors, nano-clay minerals, and nano-polymers. This paper summarized the achievements and the applications of such materials in remediating Cr-contaminated soil at home and abroad. It showed that the nano-zero-valent metals and nano-metal oxide （suffur） compounds are mainly used for the treatment of hexavalent chromium contaminated soil, while other materials are relatively less. Compared with common iron powder, the reaction rate and efficiency of nanosealed zero-valent iron are higher, although it is not stable in air. The efficieney of nanometer bimetallic is superior to zero-valent iron with high reactivity and little secondary pollution, but the cost is relatively high. The supported nanosealed iron has the advantages of the aforementioned materials, such as high efficiency, low cost, high stability, and easy reusability, except the complicated synthesis procedure. Carbonaceous nano-materials possess high adsorption capacities, while they easily cause secondary pollution and high cost. Though nano-metal oxide （sulfur） compounds, with stable chemical properties, have certain adsorptioncapacities towards Cr（Ⅵ）, the types of them are still few. Moreover, the fields of their application are yet narrow. The photocatalytic activities of nano-semiconductors are high, however, the photocatalysts are always high cost and
出处
《河南大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
2016年第6期692-701,共10页
Journal of Henan University:Natural Science
基金
2016年度河南省高等学校重点科研项目(16A610008)
河南省高校科技创新团队(15IRTSTHN005)
河南省科技厅基础与前沿技术研究项目(142300410367)
