摘要
目的：了解海口市初中生近视情况的现状,分析其主要的影响因素,为预防及改善青少年近视提供科学依据。方法：采用多阶段抽样方法,通过评价两水平模型随机效应的残差方差确定采用多水平logistic回归模型,采用Wald检验进行模型参数筛选估计。结果：（1）海口市初中生整体近视患病率为46.7%,近视患病率男性低于女性（χ^2=22.718,P〈0.001）,各年级之间近视患病率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=10.354,P=0.006）,进行两两比较发现七年级和八年级之间近视率差别无统计学意义,与九年级差异有统计学意义,九年级（54.0%）高于七年级（41.2%）,八年级（44.1%）。（2）近视行为具有班级聚集性（χ^2=5.471,P=0.0193）,以班级为高水平进行模型拟合,被纳入多水平模型中的变量有性别、孩子个数、非近视眼疾、灯光、读写姿势和眼药水。结论 ：海口市初中生近视现状严重,影响因素较多。
Objective： To learn about the current situation of junior high school students＇ myopia in Haikou City and analyze its main influencing factors, so as to provide scientific references for preventing and improving juvenile myopia. Method： Multi-stage sampling was used, and the multilevel logistic regression model was determined to be adopted by evaluating the residual variance of the random effect of two-level model, and then Wald test was used to carry out the screening and estimation of the model parameter. Results： （1） The overall prevalence of myopia of junior high school students in Haikou City is 46.7%; the prevalence of myopia of boys is lower than that of girls （x^2=22.718, P〈0.001）; the difference of the prevalence of myopia among different grades is of statistical significance （x^2=10.354, P=0.006）; through pairwise comparison, it is found that the difference of the prevalence of myopia between Grade Seven and Grade Eight is of no statistical significance, while that between Grade Seven and Grade Nine is of statistical significance, and the rate of Grade Nine （54.0%） is higher than that of Grade Seven （41.2%） and Grade Eight （41.2%）. （2） Myopic behaviors have class aggregation （x^2=5.471, P=0.0193）, and with class as the high level to carry out model fitting, the following variables are included into the multilevel model： gender, number of children, non-myopic eye trouble, light, reading and writing posture and eye drops. Conclusion： The current situation of junior high school students＇ myopia is severe and many factors are influencing it.
出处
《科教文汇》
2016年第31期59-62,共4页
Journal of Science and Education
