摘要
火山活动是自然界中一种常见的地质活动,地球内部蕴藏的巨大热能及丰富的地表罕见的化学物质,都可由于火山活动而释放出来。针对火山活动对烃源岩形成与演化影响的调查研究表明,火山活动不仅给水生生物带来了大量的营养物质,为优质烃源岩的形成奠定了丰富的物质基础,而且可以使水体含盐度增加,形成还原环境,为有机质的保存和转化提供有利条件;另外,火山活动带来的巨大热能量可以提高有机质热演化程度,使生油门限变浅,加快烃源岩向油气转化;火山热液中携带的大量过渡族金属元素可以促进烃源岩早生烃,有利于低熟油的形成;火山矿物橄榄石、沸石、辉石及其蚀变矿物参与了烃源岩有机质的生烃演化过程,加速了其生排烃过程,加大了其生排烃量。
Volcanic activity is a kind of common geological activities, in which the abundant thermal energy and chemical substances deep in the earth can be released. The paper discusses the effects of volcanic activity on the formation and evolution of hydrocarbon source rocks based on related literatures studies. The volcanism can not only provide the materials for the formation of the excellent source rocks by the introduction of hydrothermal fluid resulting in the breeding of aquatic organisms, but also provide the favourable condition for the preservation and transformation of organic materials by improving the salinity in sedimentary basin in the formation of reductive environment. What is more, the huge thermal energy released by the volcanic activity can reduce the hydrocarbon generation threshold values and promote petroleum generation. In addition, the transitive metal elements from the volcanic rocks would cause the earlier hydrocarbon generation of source rocks and could favour the formation of low-mature oil. In the hydrocarbon source strata developed with igneous rocks, the volcanic minerals such as olivine, zeolite and pyroxene and the altered minerals would be involved in the hydrocarbon generating evolution process of the organic matter in the source rocks and produce more hydrocarbons.
出处
《地质科技情报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第6期77-82,共6页
Geological Science and Technology Information
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41330315)
中国地质调查局项目(12120113039900
12120114009201)
关键词
火山活动
烃源岩
催化作用
热作用
有机质
volcanic activity
source rock
catalysis
thermal effect
organic matter
