摘要
利用1960—2014年辽西葫芦岛和朝阳地区9个气象站的气候观测资料,采用积分湿度指标和湿润指数等气候诊断分析方法,研究辽西地区4—9月农作物生长季降水的变化和降水农业满足度及干旱的发生规律。结果表明:1960—2014年辽西葫芦岛和朝阳地区4—9月农作物生长季降水呈减少的趋势,其中近20 a岭南沿海地区农作物生长季降水减少8.7%,岭北内陆地区农作物生长季降水减少11.1%,降水减少主要集中在7—9月。近55 a辽西地区农作物生长季湿润指数减小,岭南区K的气候倾向率为-0.023/10 a,岭北区K的气候倾向率为-0.015/10 a;干旱发生频率呈增加的趋势,近20 a岭南区干旱发生频率增加了30.0%,岭北区干旱发生频率增加了25.0%。辽西地区中度和重度干旱存在9—11 a的准周期。近55 a辽西地区农作物生长季降水农业满足度下降,近20 a岭南沿海气候区农作物生长季降水农业满足度下降11.8%,岭北内陆气候区农作物生长季降水农业满足度下降11.2%。辽西葫芦岛和朝阳地农业需水满足度下降是由于降水减少造成的,干旱发生频率增加,对正常农业生产造成威胁。因此,应加强水资源管理和应用,提高水资源利用率,适应气候变化调整农业生产结构,以应对干旱灾害造成的损失。
Based on climatic data from 1960 to 2014 obtained from nine meteorological stations in Huludao and Chaoyang, rainfall changes,agricultural rainfall satisfactory and occurrence rules of drought during the growing season（ from April to September） in the western region of Liaoning province were studied using methods of an accumulated moisture index and a moisture index. The results show that rainfall during growing season shows a downward trend from 1960 to 2014 for Huludao and Chaoyang. For recent 20 years, rainfall in the growing season decreases 8. 7% and 11. 1% for the southern and northern areas of Songling Mountain, respectively. The time ranges with decreased rainfall are during the period from July to September. For recent 55 years,moisture index of growing season decreases with climate tendency rates of- 0. 023/10 a and -0. 015/10 a for the southern and northern areas of Songling Mountain, respectively. Drought occurrence frequency shows an upward trend in recent 20 years with occurrence frequencies increasing 30. 0% and 25. 0% for the southern and northern areas of Songling Mountain, respectively. Growing season＇s agricultural rainfall satisfactory decreased in recent 55 years with decreasing percentages of 11. 8% and 11. 2% for the southern and northern areas of Songling Mountain, respectively.Decreasing of growing season＇s agricultural rainfall satisfactory in Huludao and Chaoyang is attributed to the decline in precipitation. As a result,occurrence frequency of drought increases,which makes agriculture production face a threat. Therefore, to relieve the loss caused by drought damage,we should improve the management of water resources, increase efficiency of water use and adjust planting structure of agriculture.
出处
《气象与环境学报》
2016年第5期131-138,共8页
Journal of Meteorology and Environment
基金
公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201206024)
中国气象局关键技术集成与应用项目(CMGJ2013M11)共同资助
关键词
生长季
降水
农业满足度
湿润指数
积分湿度指标
Growing season
Rainfall
Agricultural satisfactory
Moisture index
Integral moisture index
