摘要
分析哲学的起源依赖于现代逻辑学方法的出现和对数学基础问题的研究。早期分析哲学家与现代逻辑学的奠基者关注着相同的问题,运用着相同的方法,甚至可以说是同一批人。然而,自二十世纪中叶以后,分析哲学与数理逻辑研究逐渐分道扬镳。甚至有学者宣称,这种分离是不可逆的。两者的分离除了学科发展细分的自然规律外,也有学理上的考量和人为的推动。本文指出,以蒯因为代表的自然主义思潮的兴起在时间上与分析哲学的去逻辑化偶合;自然主义者在元哲学立场上与早期分析哲学家截然不同;后者发明了现代逻辑学方法并将其运用于对经典哲学问题的研究;而前者的立场蕴含了对逻辑学方法优越性的否认。由此,本文断言,蒯因自然主义的确推动了分析哲学的去逻辑化。进一步,本文分析了蒯因对早期分析哲学的批判以及对其自然主义、整体论立场的若干辩护,指出其论证或是循环论证,或仅在有限范围内有效。因此,基于对蒯因自然主义的偏好而忽视逻辑学方法在学理上是不可靠的。此外,本文还指出分析哲学的当代危机在时间上承接分析哲学的去逻辑化进程。分析哲学的自然主义化和去逻辑化或需为分析哲学缺乏方法的危机和缺乏问题的危机负责,或至少与之相关。由此,作者提出,重启哲学的逻辑学传统有望带来分析哲学乃至哲学的复兴。
The origin of analytic philosophy comes with the emergence of modern logic and the studies on the foundation of mathematics. The early analytic philosophers and the founders of modern logic were sharing the same questions,the same methods and techniques. They can even be regarded as the same group of people. However,from the mid of Twentieth Century,mathematical logic has been deliberately ignored from the society of analytic philosophy.Some even claim the process is irreversible. This separation can be a natural process with the development of every disciplines,but there might also be some serious reasoning behind it.In this article,the author points out that this is a coincidence that the spread of the impact of Quine＇s naturalism and the ＂delogic＂process of analytic philosophy happened in nearly the same time. The naturalists possess a quite different meta-philosphy standpoint with the early analytic philosophers. While the latter invented the methods of modern logic and applied them to the classic philosophy problems,the former＇s standpoint implies the negation of the prioirty of the methods. Therefore,the author claims that the delogic process of modern analytic philosophy has been partially driven by Quine＇s naturalism.Also in this article,Quine＇s criticism on early analytic philosophy and his justification for naturalistic holism is analysed. The author points out that Quine＇s argument is either a vicious circle or applicable only in a limited area.Hence,it is theoretically invalid to neglect the methods of logic based on Quine＇s arguments. Moreover,the author suggests that the crisis of modern analytic philosophy follows the delogic process of analytic philosophy by time. The latter may have to be responsible for the crisis,or at least related. In conclusion,the author calls for a revival of the logic tradition of philosophy,which may save modern philosophy from decay.
作者
杨睿之
YANG Rui-zhi(School of Philosophy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, Chin)
出处
《复旦学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第5期141-148,169,共9页
Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目"当代集合论哲学及其对数学基础研究的影响"(项目批准号:13YJCZH226)
复旦大学2015年青年研究创新项目资助
关键词
分析哲学
逻辑
自然主义
蒯因
analytic philosophy
logic
naturalism
W.V.O.Quine
