摘要
藏文字符是藏语的书面表现形式,藏文字形又是藏文字符的书写形式。现代藏文文法把藏文字形分成乌金体和乌梅体两大类别。不同时代的藏文书写方式承载着那一时代的藏文书写特点及文法规范等一系列信息。研究不同时代藏文的书写特点不仅可以了解当时的藏文书写形式,也有利于探究藏文书写、文法等的演变。文章以《法国国家图书馆藏敦煌藏文文献》影印版中的藏文字形为研究对象,仔细研究了敦煌藏文字形的书写特点、笔画特点、结构特点等;再把敦煌藏文字与现代藏文字的书写、文法进行比较,指出了敦煌藏文文献中字符的书写、文法等与现代藏文字符的书写、文法等的高度一致性,说明了一千年前在书写敦煌藏文字符时,藏文已经很成熟、很发达;敦煌藏文字符和文法与现代藏文也存在细微差别,从中能找到藏文在发展、使用过程中不断统一、规范的痕迹。
Tibetan characters are the written representation of Tibetan language, and Tibetan glyph is the written form of Tibetan characters. The traditional Tibetan grammar divided Tibetan glyph into two main categories ＂dbu can＂ and ＂dbu med＂. Since the creation of Tibetan alphabet, and formed different hand-writings. Moreover, some calligrap Tibetan glyph has developed in different regions hers created some fonts with their own personali- ties, which enriched the Tibetan fonts and made the ＂dbu can＂ and the ＂dbu med＂ derive more detailed classifi- cation. Tibetan handwriting styles of different times have carried a series of information such as Tibetan handwrit- ing characteristics and grammar specification. Conducting a research on Tibetan handwriting characteristics of different times, we can not only learn the Tibetan handwriting form of that time, but also can obtain the differenc- es between them and the written form and grammar specification of modem Tibetan by comparison. This is bene- ficial to reveal the situation of the Tibetan handwriting of different times, as well as to explore the evolution of Ti- betan handwriting and grammar, which can be put into use today. This article aims to research and develop the ＂Qomolangma-Dunhuang＂ Tibetan font, and specifically analyzes the handwriting, strokes and structure charac- teristics of Dunhuang Tibetan glyph based on the photocopies of Tibetan font in ＂Dunhuang Tibetan Literature＂ collected in French National Library. Furthermore, this article is going to compare the handwriting and grammar between Dunhuang Tibetan and modem Tibetan, and point out the distinction of the handwriting tools and Tibet- an grammar of Dunhuang Tibetan and modem Tibetan, particularly the subtle differences in characters between Dunhuang Tibetan and modem Tibetan.
基金
2015年度国家社会科学基金重大项目"<格萨尔>说唱语音的自动识别与格萨尔学的创新发展"阶段性成果
项目号:15ZDB111
关键词
敦煌藏文
字形
书写特点
Dunhuang Tibetan
glyph
handwriting characteristics
