摘要
促成河湟吐蕃诸部形成"唃厮啰政权"的原因,不宜夸大或仅看作是唃厮啰个人的作用。更为内在的社会经济动因是,吐蕃政权解体之后,散居于河陇一带的吐蕃诸部为了克服经济上不能自足的窘境,随时做有关"迁移"的抉择——他们或相互劫掠,或组建联盟(凉州六谷部),或改变政权认同获取利益(投降西夏、投靠宋朝成为"熟户")。正是这种长时期的政治无序与物质相对匮乏状态,唤醒了河湟吐蕃诸部关于一统秩序的历史记忆与现实向往(吐蕃政权),并意图以"赞普苗裔"为历史共鸣凝聚吐蕃旧部。唃厮啰作为当时被吐蕃诸部拥立的"赞普苗裔"之一,先后被河湟吐蕃部落首领李立遵和温逋奇胁制。然而,李立遵和温逋奇都因没能有效解决诸部所面临的有限经济能力与集权之间的固有矛盾而不可避免地走向崩溃。随着党项的崛起建国,河西吐蕃、回鹘诸部投奔唃厮啰,青唐地区商贸开始繁荣兴盛以及宋朝出于"以夷攻夷"的目的赏赐册封等,使得唃厮啰有了充足的人力、物力构建政治阶序,使形成"政权"成为一种可能。
The reasons that Hehuang Tibetan tribes formed into ＂Chio-ssu-lo regime＂, should not only be exagger- ated or regarded as the personal role made by Chio-ssu-lo, instead there is the intrinsic history motivation： after the disintegration of the Tubo regime, the Tibetan tribes which lived in the Helong area in order to overcome the economic dilemma caused by not being able to self-sufficiency, made choices of ＂migration＂ at all time. They plundered and allied each other, and sometimes changed regimes to gain interest for themselves. The long period of political disorder and material deprivation made Hehuang Tibetan tribes yearn for peace and unity, so they convened the Tubo tribes, and made Chio-ssu-lo to be the head of the tribes. However, Chio-ssu-lo was not able to resolve the contradiction between economic capability and centralization effectively, he inevitably faced failure, but because of the rise of Tangut, the tribes of Hexi Tubo and Uighur went to Chio-ssu-lo for shelter, which rendered the trade in Qingtang area flourish, and Chio-ssu-lo received rewards and titles granted by the government of the Song dynasty. These all made Chio-ssu-lo was able to establish his regime.
关键词
唃厮啰
河湟吐蕃
青唐
政权
西夏
贸易
Chio-ssu-lo
Hehuang Tubo
Qingtang
regime
the Western Xia regime
trade
