摘要
海洋动物是南极气候变化的＂生物指示剂＂,其排泄物中丰富的碳（C）和氮（N）等营养物质为土壤中温室气体的产生与排放提供了有利条件,企鹅作为一种重要的海洋动物,因此其聚居区成为甲烷（CH4）和氧化亚氮（N2O）等温室气体排放的潜在＂热点＂区域.然而,受企鹅数量遥感资料的限制,区域尺度上企鹅源温室气体排放总量尚缺乏精确估算.以南极维多利亚地难言岛企鹅聚集区为研究对象,基于0.1 m分辨率航拍照片发展了面向像元的RGB颜色模型法（pixel-oriented RGB color model）识别企鹅数量,通过企鹅粪便CH4和N2O排放通量、企鹅排便量等数据建立了企鹅源温室气体估算模型.结果显示,航拍照片中企鹅像元在RGB彩色空间模型中的R值（17~104）与其他背景像元（〉110）存在显著差异,该差异可以作为将企鹅与背景像元有效分离的理论依据;南极维多利亚地难言岛企鹅总数为19150只,企鹅源CH4和N2O排放总量分别约为275和2.99 kg.
Marine animals are ＂bio-indicators＂ of climate change in the Antarctic. The abundance of nutrients in their excreta, such as carbon（C） and nitrogen（N）, promotes the emission of greenhouse gases（GHGs）, including methane（CH4） and nitrous oxide（N2O）. Adélie penguins are important marine animals, and their colonies have therefore become potential ＂hotspots＂ of GHG emissions. Field observations have been conducted to study penguin excreta as a source of CH4 and N2O emissions in the Antarctic Peninsula. However, due to the lack of penguin population data, the total GHG emissions have not been estimated at the regional scale. With the development of remote sensing monitoring techniques in recent years, high-resolution satellite imagery and aerial photographs have made it possible to monitor penguin populations in the Antarctic, with the results used as a foundation to estimate GHG emissions. Inexpressible Island, a small, rocky island on the shore of the Ross Ice Shelf in Terra Nova Bay, Victoria Land, Antarctica, houses an important colony of Adélie penguins. This study extracted information about the penguins from aerial photographs using a pixel-oriented RGB（red, green, and blue） color space model of Victoria Land. Adélie penguin populations on Inexpressible Island could be estimated via a penguin shadow analysis in the RGB model. To validate the accuracy of the RGB model, we randomly selected several images and used the RGB method alongside an artificial visual interpretation method, with the results from both methods compared using the relative deviation index. In addition, a GHG model was developed to estimate CH4 and N2O emissions from Adélie penguins. The model included a variety of parameters, such as the CH4 and N2O fluxes from penguin excreta, the population number, the fresh weight of excreta produced by a penguin each day, and the duration of CH4 and N2O emissions from the excreta. The results revealed significant differences in the R values between the penguin（R=17–1
作者
贺红
李香兰
程晓
朱仁斌
唐剑武
惠凤鸣
吴文会
赵天成
刘岩
康靖
HE Hong LI XiangLan CHENG Xiao ZHU RenBin TANG JianWu HUI FengMing WU WenHui ZHAO TianCheng LIU Yan KANG Jing(College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China Institute of Polar Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA Polar Surveying and Mapping Engineering Center, Heilongjiang Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation, Harbin 150081, Chin)
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第30期3268-3277,共10页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家海洋局南北极环境综合考察与评估专项(CHINARE2014-02-04)
国家海洋局海洋公益性行业科研专项(201205007-03)资助
国家自然科学基金(41106157
41176163
41406211)
