摘要
当前西方国家的债务困境是第二次世界大战结束以来不断发展和积累的结果。大众民主到来、政府角色扩张和国际体系变迁构成了西方国家深陷债务困境的基本逻辑,具体机理可表述为:大众民主带来了社会福利的刚性化,这在影响西方国家经济增长的同时,却使得政府的公共支出持续扩大,进而导致严重的财政失衡。当在大众民主框架内增加税收和削减福利难以实现时,借钱消费成为了政治家与选民的"理性选择"。社会经济事务的复杂化赋予西方国家政府扩张以"合法性",政府维持财政平衡的传统教义被管理有效需求的时代要求所取代,这从另一角度推动了财政赤字和债务负担的加重。不过,在相当长的时期内,西方国家利用霸权机制汲取国际财富资源,成功化解了内部供给与需求之间的矛盾。然而,随着国际体系的变迁,西方霸权呈现相对衰落趋势,其国内代价国际转移的做法日益不可持续。霸权红利的减少必然加剧西方国家的债务困境,甚至引发新的政治和社会冲突。
The current debt troubles in the west have been accumulated since The Second World War. The arrival of mass democracy, the expansion of governmental role and the transition of international system constituted the basis logic of western countries＇ debt troubles. The specific mechanism can be expressed as： mass democracy has brought the social welfare rigidity, which influenced the economic growth and the government＇s public spending in the western countries, causing serious fiscal imbalance. When raising taxes and cutting benefits within the framework of mass democracy were hard to achieve, it is a rational choice to borrow money to consumption for politicians and voters. Complicated social and economic affairs endowed legitimacy to western governments＇ expansion, so the traditional doctrine to maintain fiscal balance was replaced by the management of effective demands, which increased fiscal deficits and debt burden from another point. Nonetheless, in quite a long time, the western countries had grabbed international wealth and resources by hegemonic mechanism to resolve the internal contradiction between supply and demand successfully. However, with the transition of international system, the western hegemony shows a trend of relative decline, making the practice of shift the domestic costs internationally unsustainable. The reduction of hegemony dividend will aggravate debt troubles in the west inevitably, and even trigger new political and social conflicts.
作者
刘世强
王翔宇
Liu Shiqiang Wang Xiangyu
出处
《社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第11期12-25,共14页
Journal of Social Sciences
关键词
大众民主
政府扩张
国际体系变迁
债务困境
Mass Democracy
Government＇s Expansion
The Transition of International System
Debt Troubles
