摘要
为提高多孔粒状铵油炸药的抗水性能,通过引入复合添加剂对柴油进行改性,利用界面张力仪和全自动流变仪,分析了表面活性剂对柴油-水及柴油-硝酸铵界面作用的影响和交联剂对柴油黏温特性的影响。结果表明,加入表面活性剂,柴油-水界面张力降低83.8%,柴油-硝酸铵界面张力也明显下降;加入交联剂36 h后柴油的平均黏度比普通柴油提高6.4倍;加入复合添加剂,多孔粒状铵油炸药中硝酸铵的平均溶失率从99%降低至65.3%,降低了33.7%,抗水性显著增强。通过线性回归组分配比与硝酸铵溶失率,确定硝酸铵、柴油、表面活性剂与交联剂的最佳配比为94.0∶5.0∶0.4∶0.6。复合添加剂与炸药其他组分的相容性较好,且爆炸性能优于普通多孔粒状铵油炸药。
This article is aimed at a focus study on how to increase the water resistance to the porous prilled ANFO. Numerous researches and tedious efforts have been taken to modify or change its status-in-situ. For example,AN can be coated or insulated by adding inorganic salts to it,or adding to it metallic oxide,surfactants and gelling agents in hoping to increase the water resistance to the porous prilled ANFO. Transformations and innovations having been done besides the aforementioned measures,we have tried by all means to modify the physical and chemical properties of diesel oil,for example,by adding composite additives. To achieve our goal,we have investigated and tested effects of surfactants on the interfacial tension between the diesel oil-ammonium nitrate,the diesel oil-water mixture,as well as the cross-linking agents on the viscosity-temperature characteristics of the diesel oil by using the interfacial tension instruments and automatic rheometers. The results of our experiments show that it is possible to reduce or release the interfacial tension of the diesel oil-water surfactants as remarkably as 2. 8 times as against the contrast or control group of agents without surfactant. What is more,adding cross-linking agents in the diesel oil for 36 hours can help to increase the average viscosity of the diesel oil by 6. 4 times higher than that of the ordinary one. So,alternatively speaking,when the composite additives are added,it is possible to decrease the average dissolution rate of ammonium nitrate in the porous prilled ANFO from 99% to 65. 3%. Furthermore,water resistance can also be enhanced in this way significantly. By linear regression of explosive component and dissolve-loss ratio of AN,the best formula of AN,diesel,surfactant and cross-linking agent is equal to94. 0： 5. 0： 0. 4： 0. 6. In addition,we have also examined and defined the compatibility and properties of the porous prilled ANFO via the techniques of DSC and the methods in national standards,confirming and determining that,there exists
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第5期182-186,共5页
Journal of Safety and Environment
关键词
安全工程
多孔粒状铵油炸药
油相改性
添加剂
抗水性
相容性
safety engineering
porous granular ANFO
diesel oil modification
composite additives
water resistance
compatibility
