摘要
高分子具有分子量大且呈多分散性、分子间相互作用复杂等特点,很难通过直接溶液组装的方式实现其分子长程有序的规整排列,因此,大尺寸高分子晶体的制备一直都是高分子科学领域中的挑战之一.拓扑化学聚合是一种合成有机高分子材料的重要手段,具有无需溶剂、环境友好及立体性与区域性反应产率高等优点.同时,其还可以通过对有机分子结构的有效控制,实现单体分子晶体到高分子晶体的直接转换,是一种潜在的制备高分子晶体的有效途径.本文系统总结了目前报道的可通过拓扑化学聚合实现高分子晶体制备的一些代表性材料体系,如烯烃及其衍生物类、丁二炔及其衍生物类、叠氮-炔烃类、富勒烯类等,讨论了它们的反应特性及条件,同时简单介绍了对所获高分子晶体材料的基本表征方法和潜在应用领域,并讨论了该领域研究中所存在的各种机遇与挑战.
It has been challenging for preparing large-size polymer crystals from direct solution self-assembly process because of their high molecular weight,polydispersity,complex and strong intermolecular interactions.Topochemical polymerization is an important tool for synthesizing polymers in solid state,which exhibit advantages of free-solvent,environment-friendly,high yield in stereo and regional reaction as well as possibly realizing the crystal-to-crystal transformation,and would be a promising solution.In this review,we systematically summarized the molecule systems that could achieve corresponding polymer crystals through topochemical polymerization,including olefins,diacetylenes,azide-alkynes,fullerene and their derivatives,and discussed their reaction characteristics and requirements.Finally,we briefly discussed the basic characterization techniques and promising application fields of polymer crystals,and also the existing challenges and opportunities in the field of topochemical polymerization.
出处
《中国科学：化学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第10期1007-1022,共16页
SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica
基金
国家自然科学基金(编号:51222306,91433115,91222203,91233205)
国家重点基础研究发展计划(编号:2013CB933403,2013CB933504)资助项目
关键词
拓扑化学聚合
晶体转换
高分子晶体
topochemical polymerization
single crystal-to-crystal transformation
polymer crystal
