摘要
以河西绿洲春玉米为研究对象,分析了不同灌水量对玉米全生育期叶面积动态、产量及产量构成要素的影响。结果表明:不同灌水处理玉米单株叶面积在灌浆初至灌浆中期达到高峰,且稳定期持续至灌浆末期,此后单株叶面积衰减较快。进入灌浆期以后,不同灌水处理玉米叶面积相对生长率已开始出现负值,叶面积已有开始衰减迹象。与充分灌水相比,有限灌水不仅显著节水31.1%,还可使玉米产量提高2.9%,而有限灌水粒重、行粒数和穗粒数的增加则是玉米节水高产的主要原因。因此,不同灌水量显著影响玉米叶面积生长和产量形成过程,生产中应侧重通过前期有限水分亏缺(拔节期中度水分调亏而大喇叭口-孕穗期轻度调亏)产生的后补偿效应促进生育中后期叶面积的持续稳定发展,从而实现玉米高产和水分高效利用的双赢。
An experiment was conducted to explore the effect of different irrigation amounts on leaf area dynamics and grain yield of spring maize in oasis of Hexi corridor. The results showed that the leaf area per plant gets to peak during early filling to middle filling and stably kept to the end of filling, after that it attenuates quickly. The negative relative growth rate of leaf area appears since early grain filling and accordingly the leaf area attenuation gradually appears. Compared to the full irrigation, the efficient limited irrigation can save 31.1% of water and enhance 2.9% of yield. The increase of grain weight, row grain number, and spike grain number by the efficient limited irrigation are the main reasons of high yield and water saving for maize. Therefore, the different irrigation amounts greatly affect the leaf area and yield for- mation of maize. Therefore, special emphasis should be laid on promoting sustainable development of leaf area during middle to late crop growth stages through supplementary effect caused by limited water deficit at early stages （ moderate water deficit regulation at jointing while mild deficit regulation from bell stage to booting of maize） so as to get both high yield and high efficient water use of oasis maize.
出处
《水资源与水工程学报》
2016年第4期229-232,240,共5页
Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering
基金
甘肃省高等学校基本科研业务费项目(2012)
甘肃农业大学工学院青年教师科技创新基金项目(GXY2013-09)
甘肃省高等学校研究生导师科研计划项目(1102-03)
关键词
叶面积
产量
灌水量
春玉米
河西绿洲
leaf area
grain yield
irrigation amount
spring maize
Hexi oasis
