摘要
采用2(编码方式:执行意向、练习)×2(认知负荷:高、低)×2(线索数量:单一线索、多线索)的混合设计,探讨在不同认知负荷和线索数量下两种编码方式对前瞻记忆的影响。结果表明:认知负荷和编码方式交互作用显著,在高认知负荷下,练习编码显著好于执行意向编码;线索数量和编码方式交互作用显著,在多线索下,练习编码显著好于执行意向编码。说明执行意向编码更容易受认知负荷和线索数量的影响。研究支持了PAM理论。
Prospective memory represents the ability of remembering to carry out an intended action in the future, which is an important mental ability for people to improve their quality of life. In a typical prospective memory experiment, participants are required to engage in two tasks, the ongoing task and prospective task. According to the nature of the prospective memory cues, there are two types of prospective memory： time-based （TBPM） and event-based prospective memory （EBPM）. There are two kinds of processes that can support prospective memory： preparatory attentional processes and memory processes theory and multiple processes theory. The preparatory attentional and memory processes theory of prospective memory assumes that prospective memory retrieval requires resource-demanding preparatory attentional processes, whereas the multiple processes theory assumes that retrieval can also occur spontaneously. Implementation intention and retrieval practice are two effective encoding types. Implementation intention is a strategic process aimed at automating behavior in the service of goal pursuit. The strategy consists of a statement of the form ＂If situation x occurs, I will perform y＂, which creates a strong mental representation of the situation and a strong linkage between situation and response that makes it easy to execute the behaviors. Implementation intention encoding has been demonstrated to reduce forgetting in a variety of daily tasks and improve prospective memory performance. Retrieval practice is that review through testing produces better final recall than review through restudying. Lots of researchers have indicated that retrieval practice is an effective means to improve memory. However, few studies pay attention to the comparison of effectiveness between implementation intention and retrieval practice. McDaniel and Scullin compared the difference between the two effects for the first time when they investigated whether implementation intention encoding automatizes prospective memory res
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第5期1058-1063,共6页
Journal of Psychological Science
基金
教育部人文社科规划基金项目"学业不良儿童前瞻记忆的特点
机制与干预"(12YJA190002)的资助
关键词
前瞻记忆
执行意向
提取练习
预备注意与记忆加工理论
prospective memory, implementation intention, retrieval practice, preparatory attentional processes and memory processes theory
