摘要
热液金属矿床成因研究过程中,观测与实验始终是密切结合的。上世纪70年代,平衡热力学的实验数据的快速积累,使人们用热力学理论计算可以预测和反演矿石和岩石的成因。但是,没有矿物-水溶液的反应速率数据,又没有与流体力学的结合,搞清楚矿石成因是困难的。七、八十年代,开始研究矿物与水溶液的反应动力学实验。科学家们开始瞄准了从平衡-封闭-静态转向非平衡-开放-动力学研究的这个大方向。1992年我们建立地球化学动力学开放研究实验室。研究高温高压矿物与水反应速率,发现固液的开放体系的自组织现象。实验发现温度影响矿物的各个元素反应速率改变,发现在跨越水临界态时矿物与水反应速率涨落、在近临界的气-液两相不混溶区一些金属进入气相、超临界流体的氧化作用及特别的溶剂性能影响矿物溶解性质。实验证实:临界态区流体与矿石成因有关。水岩相互作用的反应动力学实验温度从低温到550度,揭示矿石的金属来源、迁移、金属与蚀变分带机制。一大批大于300度的矿物与水反应动力学实验在国际界是少有报道的。九十年代,超高压的科学发展,与同步辐射光源的技术进步的结合,使固体地球科学又迈向了地球深内部。我们发展了高温高压流体性质的原位直测(测量850℃水溶液)红外谱,发现深部流体的新性质:气液两相流体的新结构,在临界温度区(300~400℃),水分子氢键网络的破坏受压力影响不大(23MPa^3GPa),同时,出现水的高电导率。研发新仪器为开放-流动-非平衡的反应动力学实验与极端条件下物质性质的直接观测结合,在科学前沿领域开辟了创新道路。
When investigating on the formation of hydrothermal metal deposits, observation and experiment are always closely integrated. In the 70’s of last century, the rapid accumulation of the experimental data of the mineral water equilibrium thermodynamics had been used to predict and retrieve the origin and geneses of ore and rock by using the calculation of the thermodynamic theory. However, no mineral aqueous solution reaction rate data, and without the combination of fluid mechanics, and to understand clearly the origin and geneses of the ore deposition is difficult. 70 80s, scientists began to study the reaction kinetics of minerals in aqueous solution. They began to aim at the new direction from the equilibrium closed static system to non equilibrium Open kinetics study. In 1992 we set up the laboratory of geochemical kinetics. Experimental study obtained the reaction rate of mineral（or rock） in water at high temperatures and high pressures, and also found the self organization in the open system. Experiments indicated that the temperature affected the dissolution rates of minerals, found that the fluctuation rates of minerals in water when crossing the critical state. Results also indicated that some metals can be transported in vapor phase during metal fluids fallen into vapor liquid two phase immiscibility regions in sub critical region. The oxidation of supercritical fluid and special solvent effects on mining dissolution were also investigated. The experimental results show that the fluid across the critical state is related to the ore genesis. The reaction kinetics of water rock interaction experiment at temperature from low temperature to 550℃, reveal the metal source, migration, metal and alteration zoning mechanism. A large number of mineral dissolution rates data at temperature above 300℃ were rarely reported in the international community. Recent years, the scientific development of ultra high pressure study, combined with the technical progress of synchrotron radiation light source, leads th
出处
《地质学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第9期2437-2453,共17页
Acta Geologica Sinica
基金
中国地质调查局项目(12120113101700)
国土资源部项目20010302
安徽省公益基金项目2010-g-28项目资助的成果
关键词
水的基本性质
反应动力学
水分子氢键
金属-氧键性质
分子尺度
water basic properties reaction,kinetics hydrogen bond of water molecule metal oxygen bond molecular scale
