摘要
医疗器械在介(植)入体内后,在其表面滋生细菌是引发院内感染的最主要原因,给病患带来重大的经济损失,甚至危及生命安全。细菌首先在材料/器械表面粘附,进而形成生物膜,生物被膜一旦形成,会引起细菌持续性感染。为了赋予材料表面抗菌性能,有针对性地进行抗菌表面的构建,其策略主要为:抗细菌粘附策略、杀菌策略、抗细菌粘附-杀菌(抗-杀)结合策略和抗细菌粘附-杀菌转化策略。结合本课题组近年来在抗菌医用高分子材料及医疗器械的研究成果,简单介绍了国内外其抗菌表面构建及在医疗器械中应用的研究进展。
The health of patients is threatened by nosoeomial infections, it may finally resulted in high hospitalization costs and fatalities. Firstly, bacteria adhere onto biomedical polymer materials or medical device surface, and ultimately biofilms develop. To decrease the incidence of device-associated infections, the surface of biomedical polymer materials or medical devices should resist or prevent bacterial attachment, establishment, and proliferation. So far, most antibacterial methods for preventing the infection of medical device are antifouling （bacteria-repelling） strategy or bactericidal strategy, their combination of antifouling and bactericidal strategy and switching strategy from bactericidal to antifouling. （1） Antifouling （bacteria-repelling） strategy usually involves modification of the hydrophobic surface of the medical device to reduce the bacterial attachment by coating with antifouling polymers （polyethylene glycol, zwitterionic polymers, poly （N- vinyl pyrrolidone）, 2 methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine, etc）, superhydrophobic surface or lubricant-infused surface. However, antifouling strategy hardly kills the adherent bacteria, which will lead to the subsequent bacterial proliferation and biofilm formation. （2） The bactericidal strategy incorporates the active biocides such as cationic polymers, antimicrobial peptides, antibiotics or bactericidal nanoparticles onto/into the surface or bulk polymer, while it suffers from the high cytotoxicity of biocides or antibiotic resistance. However, the preparation procedures of above methods are usually tedious with complicated chemical reactions or bactericidal nanoparticles could easily release from the medical device. （3） The combination of antifouling and bactericidal strategy could avoid the disadvantages of above two approaches. The antifouling and bactericidal components were incorporated through copolymerizaion, blend, etc. However, the contents and functions of above two components could be easily disturbed. （4） Sw
出处
《高分子通报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第9期196-202,共7页
Polymer Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金(51473167)
中科院-威高集团高技术研究发展计划资助
关键词
生物医用高分子材料
医疗器械
抗菌
生物相容性
Biomedical polymer materials
Medical device
Antibacterial property
Biocompatibility
