摘要
近年,我国滨海城市化不断加快,经济持续高速发展,人们生活水平不断提高,但经济的快速增长导致了近海海洋环境污染日趋严重,海洋生态链不断受到侵蚀.滨海城市化对近海海洋环境的直接污染主要来自于城市生活与工业生产污染物对海洋的就近排放,提高海洋生态环境治理策略的有效性必须以辨明其海洋环境效应为基础.基于1991年？2012年间全国沿海省级行政区（港澳台地区除外）的统计年鉴和公报数据,分别对工业废水、生活污水的排放及其与经济增长的关系进行研究,结果表明：）我国除上海、海南外的大部分沿海省份,在人均GDP接近40000元左右时,工业污水排放呈现下降趋势,表明我国沿海工业对海洋污染的EKC拐点已经出现,工业废水排放增长的势头得到遏制;2）不同于工业废水排放逐步趋缓的态势,生活污水连续11年持续上升.2011年左右成为重要时点,少数省市生活污水排放量有所放缓或略有下降,但多数省市尤其是海洋经济大省则出现加速上升趋势,这与全国大规模海洋发展战略开启的时点相暗合,加之生活污染监测与治理不足,前景堪忧.研究结果显示,在滨海城市化战略下,以往偏重城市工业污染防控的海洋环境治理策略建议进行相应的调整,滨海城市生活排污量与新型污染物质的激增等更应当引起高度重视.今后的治理策略要着力推动工业化与城市化污染防控的并重,实现产业升级与环境优化的协同,引导利益分配与生态风险的互动,从而切实提升我国城市化质量与环境治理能力,确保滨海城市经济建设和生态环境的和谐发展.
In recent years, the urbanization of coastal region in China has been accelerating, but the rapid growth of the economy has caused the worsening of pollution of the marine environment, and further eroded the marine ecological chain. The coastal marine environment pollution comes mainly from domestic sewage discharge and industrial pollutants from nearby plants. To improve the effectiveness of marine ecological environment governance strategy, we must identify the marine environmental efficiency on the first place. Based on the national coastal provincial administrative region research data of the twelve years during 1991 to 2012, we examined the relationship between the volumes of industrial sewage, domestic sewage and economic growth, and found that： 1）except Shanghai and Hainan province, industrial sewage of all thecoastal provincial districts began to drop when GDP per capita reached RMB40, 000, which showed that the impact of industrialization on coastal environment has been reducing; 2）on the other hand, the volume of domestic sewage had been increasing for 11 years in a row. Combining the findings, we argued that the present strategy of controlling coastal pollution should be adjusted, i. e. more emphasis should be shifted from the industrial sewages to the domestic sewage, to curb the water pollution in coastal China regions.
出处
《世界地理研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第5期37-47,共11页
World Regional Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目"新型城镇化下我国行政区划优化设置及其评估研究"(15ZDA032)
国家社科基金重点项目"统筹城乡文化发展的空间布局优化研究"(12AZD017)
关键词
滨海城市化
海洋环境效应
环境库兹涅茨曲线
城市生活
治理策略
coastal urbanization
marine environmental effect
environmental Kuznets curve
urban life
control strategy
