摘要
在世界各国铁路轨枕中木枕所占比例约为90%。木枕容易腐朽和开裂,使用寿命较短,不能满足车辆轴重日益增大、列车速度不断提高、运输量日益增长的需要,因此大量劣化和损伤的木枕需要更换,但是用于制作木枕的优质木材供应量却持续下降。采用杂酚油对木枕进行防腐处理不仅污染环境,而且有害职工健康,因此研究木枕的替代材料成为世界各国铁路部门的难题。尽管采用木材、混凝土、钢等普通材料制作轨枕还是主流,但是复合材料轨枕逐渐受到世界各国重视。本文首先介绍采用复合材料加固既有木枕的研究现状。其次重点介绍以长玻璃纤维增强为代表的玻璃纤维增强发泡聚氨酯合成轨枕和以短玻璃纤维或无玻璃纤维增强的回收塑料复合材料轨枕,并简单介绍了其他形式的复合材料轨枕。最后指出轨枕的抗弯曲和剪切性能、握钉能力、黏结层的强度、耐久性、寿命周期成本是今后复合材料轨枕的研究重点。
Wooden sleepers occupied about 90% of the railway sleepers in the world. They have the problems including corrosion, cracking,and short service life. Thus,they can not meet the requirements of heavier vehicle axle loads,faster running train and growing volume of transport. Numerous deteriorating and damaged wooden sleepers need to be replaced while the supply of high-quality timbers for manufacturing wooden sleepers declines. Wooden sleepers＇ anti-corrosion treatment with creosote results in pollution and is harmful to the health of workers. An alternative materials of wooden sleepers become urgent for railway department all over the world. Currently,wood,concrete and steel are the main materials for sleepers. Composite sleeper has been attractive in recent years. In this paper,the research status of composite materials to reinforce the existing wooden sleepers is introduced. It focuses on the fiber-reinforced foamed urethane synthetic sleepers as the representative of the long glass fiber reinforced composite sleepers and the recycled plastic composite sleepers as the representative of the short glass fiber reinforced composite sleepers,and introduces briefly the other forms of composite sleepers. Finally, it is pointed out that the resistance to bending and shear,the screw-holding ability,the strength of bonding layer,the durability,and the life cycle cost of the composite sleepers require further investigation.
出处
《铁道建筑》
北大核心
2016年第8期1-9,共9页
Railway Engineering
基金
中国铁道科学研究院基金(2013YJ025)
关键词
木枕
替代材料
复合材料
玻璃纤维增强发泡聚氨酯合成轨枕
塑料复合材料轨枕
Wooden sleeper
Alternative material
Composite sleeper
Fibre-reinforced foamed urethane synthetic sleepers
Plastic composite sleeper
