摘要
为解决西北干旱和半干旱地区粗放的冬油菜种植栽培模式和低温条件造成的出苗率低和苗期不能健康生长的问题。通过3年（2013-2014、2014-2015和2015-2016年）田间试验设置平作不覆膜（CK）、平作全覆膜（T1）、垄沟均不覆膜（T2）、垄覆膜沟不覆膜（T3）、连垄不覆膜（T4）和连垄覆膜（T5）6个处理,研究不同种植和覆膜方式对0~30cm土层的土壤含水率、5cm和10cm土层的土壤温度、冬油菜出苗率和苗期生长、生理状况的影响。结果表明,T1处理5和10cm土层的土壤温度最高,T5处理0~30cm土层的土壤含水率最高。T5处理与CK相比,0~30cm土层的土壤含水率增加19.8%~28.0%,5和10cm土层的土壤温度分别提高3.1~3.3℃和2.9~3.2℃。3年T5处理冬油菜的出苗率最高,T5处理冬油菜的出苗率与CK相比增加61.9%~130.8%,T1处理略低于T5处理,二者差异不显著,T3处理冬油菜的出苗率在温度和降水均较适宜年份与T1和T5处理差异不显著,而在低温少雨年份,其出苗率显著小于T1和T5处理。3年T5处理冬油菜的株高、单株叶片数、地上部干物质量和叶绿素含量均最大,分别比CK增加63.9%~113.2%、33.3%~47.5%、52.9%~77.6%和43.8%~66.7%;3年T5处理冬油菜的丙二醛和脯氨酸含量均最小,分别比CK降低54.2%~70.8%和34.6%~43.7%。因此,连垄覆膜T5处理在不同的气候年型下,均能有效提高冬油菜的出苗率,促进冬油菜壮苗的形成,是较优的冬油菜种植和覆膜方式。
Field experiments were conducted for three years （2013-2014 ,2014-2015 and 2015-2016） to determine an appropriate planting pattern to solve the problem of low emergency rate of winter oilseed rape resulted from low temperature and little rainfall in northwest China .Six treatments ,including flat planting without mulching （CK） ,flat planting with mulching （T1） ,ridge-furrow planting without mulching （T2） ,ridge-furrow planting with mulching on ridges （T3） ,continuous ridge planting without mulching （T4） and continuous ridge planting with mulching （T5） ,were set up to evaluate the effects of planting patterns on soil moisture at 0~30 cm depth ,soil temperatures at 5 and 10 cm depth ,growth conditions and emergence rate of winter oilseed rape .The results showed that the highest soil temperature at 5 and 10 cm depth were all occurred in T1 ,and the highest soil moisture at 30 cm depth was observed in T5 .Compared to CK ,the soil moisture at 30 cm depth T5 was increased by 19 .75% ~27 .95% ,the soil tempera‐tures at 5 cm and 10 cm depth were improved by 3 .1~3 .3 ℃ and 2 .9~3 .2 ℃ .The highest emergence rate was occurred in T 5 .The emergence rate in T5 was improved by 61 .9% ~130 .8% in comparison to CK amongst three years .T1 had a lower emergence rate than T5 ,but no significant difference was found between the two treatments in three years .The emergence rate in T3 was equal to that in T1 and T5 just in years of high temperature and more rainfall ,though the emergence rate in T 3 was also significantly high‐er than in CK amongst three years .The emergence rate in T3 was also significantly lower than that in T1 and T5 in years of low tem‐perature and little rainfall .The highest plant height ,leaf numbers per plant ,aboveground dry matter and chlorophyll content were all occurred in T5 amongst the three years ,and were improved by 63 .9% ~ 113 .2% ,33 .3% ~ 47 .5% ,52 .9% ~ 77 .6% and 43 .8% ~66 .7% ,respectively .T5 obtained the lowest malondialdehyde and proline content amo
出处
《中国农村水利水电》
北大核心
2016年第9期10-17,23,共9页
China Rural Water and Hydropower
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项资助项目(201503105、201503125)
国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2011AA100504)
关键词
种植模式
冬油菜
土壤含水率
土壤温度
出苗率
生长状况
planting pattern
winter oilseed rape
soil moisture
soil temperature
emergence rate
grow th conditions
