摘要
目的 分析中国老年人日常生活活动能力现况及影响因素，探讨有效维持及提高老年人日常生活活动能力的方向。方法 利用中国健康与养老追踪调查2013年全国追访调查数据，收集中国≥60岁老年人社会人口学特征以及日常生活活动情况。以洗澡、进食、上下床、穿衣、如厕、排便6个项目评估基本日常生活活动能力（ADL）；以做家务、做饭、使用电话、服药、购物、理财6个项目评价工具性日常生活活动能力（IADL）。使用χ2检验比较不同人群ADL和IADL损失情况的差别，采用logistic回归分析老年人ADL和IADL损失的影响因素。结果 中国老年人的ADL损失率为23.8%、IADL损失率为35.4%；ADL损失率排前3位的项目依次为如厕、洗澡和上下床；IADL损失率排前3位的项目依次为使用电话、做家务、理财。女性、年龄越大、文化程度越低、居住在中西部地区、患慢性病种类越多、残疾的老年人其ADL和IADL损失的可能性均更高；离婚或分居、丧偶的老年人更可能ADL损失，农业户口的老年人更可能IADL损失。结论 应采取综合性防治措施延缓或减轻中国老年人日常生活活动能力的损失，同时为日常生活行为能力损失的老年人提供及时、适宜的照料。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of the loss of basic activities of daily living （ADL） and instrumental ADL （IADL） influencing factors in the elderly population in China and provide evidence for the effective keeping and improvement of the elderly daily living. Methods The information about demographic characteristics and activities of daily living of elderly Chinese aged ≥60 years were collected by using the data of 2013 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The elderly＇s ADL of taking bath, eating, getting in and out of bed, dressing, toilet use, and defecating and the IADL of doing housework, cooking, making phone call, taking medicine, shopping and money managing were evaluated. The differences in loss of ADL among different populations were compared by χ2 test and logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify influencing factors for the loss of ADL and IADL. Results The overall ADL loss rate was 23.8% and the overall IADL loss rate was 35.4% in elderly Chinese. The proportion of having trouble in toilet use was highest among all ADL items, followed by bathing and getting in and out of bed. The proportion of having trouble in making phone call was highest among all IADL items, followed by doing housework and money managing. Female, older age, low educational level, living in central and western China, chronic diseases and disability were factors associated with ADL loss and IADL loss; the divorced or separated, widowed were more likely to have ADL loss; people living in rural area were more likely to have IADL loss. Conclusion It is necessary to take comprehensive measures to delay and reduce the ADL and IADL loss in elderly Chinese and provide timely and appropriate health care for the elderly with ADL or IADL loss.
出处
《中华流行病学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第9期1272-1276,共5页
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology
关键词
日常生活活动能力
老年人
影响因素
Activities of daily living
Elderly
Influencing factor
