摘要
基于野外定点监测的方法,根据大气降雨与秦岭华山松林生态系统相互作用的时空顺序,测定并分析水分传输过程各层次水的pH及水化学元素沿运移路径的变化过程,获知华山松森林影响水化学元素沉降变化的关键层次,进而探讨华山松林不同层次对大气降雨水质的影响。结果表明,华山松林生态系统对偏酸性降雨的pH有较强的调升能力,林冠和土壤A层对pH调升作用较显著,调升幅度分别为0.51、1.01个pH单位。系统对NH_4^+、Pb、Cd^(2+)、Cr均具有吸附净化效应。吸贮固定NH_4^+的关键层是土壤层,土壤A、B层对NH4+的吸附净化效果依次为42.31%、63.11%,净化效果均达到极显著差异(P<0.05);吸贮阻减Pb、Cd^(2+)、Cr的关键层是林冠层,阻减效果分别为63%、78%、45%;降雨对系统中SO_4^(2-)、NO_3-~、PO_4^(3-)、K^+、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、Zn^(2+)、Al^(3+)等离子表现一定的淋溶效应。其中林冠层是淋溶SO_4^(2-)、PO_4^(3-)、K^+和Zn^(2+)的关键层次,林内雨较大气降雨4种离子的浓度增幅分别为31%、175%、585%、48%;土壤层是淋溶NO3-、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、Al^(3+)的主要层次,增幅均达显著差异(P<0.05)。其中NO_3^-主要来源于土壤A层,Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)主要来源土壤B层,Al^(3+)主要来源于降雨对整个土壤层解吸的Al^(3+)的淋溶作用。
Based on the spatial and temporal orders of the interactions between the rainfall and Pinus armandii forest ecosystem in Qinling Mountains, the variation processes of pH and relative chemical elements of the rainwater were measured and analyzed through field monitoring experiment, so as to check the key sequential components of the forest, which influenced the chemical elements in water, and to explore the in- fluences of different components in Pinus armandii forest on atmospheric rainwater quality. The results showed that the ecosystem could raise the pH of slightly acidic rainwater,and it was more obvious in the canopy layer and soil layer A,where the increments of pH were 0.51 and 1.01 ,respectively. During the wa- ter transport,soil layer was the key layer to absorb NH4＋ ,with the absorption rates of 42.31% in the soil layer A and 63.11% in layer B. While the forest canopy was the key layer to absorb Pb,Cd2＋ and Cr,and their concentrations decreased by 63%,78% and 45% ,respectively, as the rainwater passed through the forest canopy. The concentrations of SO42- , NO3- , PO4a- , K＋ , Ca2＋ , Mg2＋ , Zn2＋ and AP＋ increased as they passed through the forest ecosystem. The concentrations of SO42-, PO43 , K＋ and Zn2＋ increased when water moved through the forest canopy, and the concentrations of these ions increased by 31%, 175% ,585% ,and 48% compared with those in atmospheric rainwater. The concentrations of NO3- ,Ca2＋ , Mg2＋ and AP＋ mainly increased when water moved through the soil layer,whose concentration changes were highly significant （P〈0.05）. NO3 increased in the soil layer A,while Ca2 and Mg2＋ increased in the soil layer B,and AP＋ increased when rainfall moved through the whole soil layer.
出处
《西北林学院学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第5期15-22,共8页
Journal of Northwest Forestry University
基金
林业公益性行业科研专项(201004036)
西北农林科技大学科技创新专项(QN2011161)
关键词
秦岭
华山松
森林生态系统
层次
水质
Qinling Mountains
Pinus armandii
forest ecosystem
component
water quality
