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美国地方政府的自治改革运动 被引量:4

The Home Rule Movement of American Local Governments
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摘要 托克维尔对美国地方政府自治权的论述有夸大之嫌。事实上,自美国建国以来,地方政府几乎没有多少自治权可言,它们在各项地方事务中受到州政府事无巨细的干涉,由此导致了美国地方事务管理不善,漏洞百出。从19世纪后期美国兴起了地方自治改革运动,到进步主义运动时期达到第一次高潮,第二次世界大战以后美国地方自治改革运动再次兴起并不断深化。经过100多年的努力,地方政府确实获得了一系列的自治权,尤其是在结构自治和功能自治方面,但在财政自治和人事自治方面还受到州政府的一定干预。 The arguments on home rule of American local governments in Alexis Tocqueville's Democracy in America are somewhat exaggerated. In fact,there had been little self-government rights for American local governments since the Independence. The state governments interfered in almost any affair of the local governments,so the management of local affairs was ineffective. There appeared a home rule movement from the late 19 th century and reached its climax in the era of the Progressive Movement. After the World War II,the home rule movement resurged again and got to another climax. The local governments indeed gained a series of home rule rights,especially in structure autonomy and function autonomy but there is not much gain in financial and personnel autonomy.
出处 《美国研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2016年第4期139-154,8,共16页 The Chinese Journal of American Studies
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  • 1[法]托克维尔:《论美国的民主》(董果良译)(上卷),北京·商务印书馆,2002年版,第44、45、79页. 被引量:1
  • 2[法]托克维尔.《论美国的民主》(上卷),董良果译,商务印书馆1993年版,第461页. 被引量:8
  • 3U.S. Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, State Constitutional and Statutory Restrictions upon the Structural, Functional, and Personnel Powers of Local Governments, A Commission Report (Washington, D. C. , October 1962) , p. 30. 被引量:1
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  • 8Kenneth Fox, Better City Government: Innovation in American Urban Politics, 1850 1937 (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1977), p. xvi. 被引量:1
  • 9David R. Berman, Local Government and the States: Autonomy, Politics, and Policy ( Armonk, NY : M. E. Sharpe, Inc., 2003), pp. 59 -61. 被引量:1
  • 10Kenneth Fox, Better City Government, p. 10. 被引量:1

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