摘要
托克维尔对美国地方政府自治权的论述有夸大之嫌。事实上,自美国建国以来,地方政府几乎没有多少自治权可言,它们在各项地方事务中受到州政府事无巨细的干涉,由此导致了美国地方事务管理不善,漏洞百出。从19世纪后期美国兴起了地方自治改革运动,到进步主义运动时期达到第一次高潮,第二次世界大战以后美国地方自治改革运动再次兴起并不断深化。经过100多年的努力,地方政府确实获得了一系列的自治权,尤其是在结构自治和功能自治方面,但在财政自治和人事自治方面还受到州政府的一定干预。
The arguments on home rule of American local governments in Alexis Tocqueville's Democracy in America are somewhat exaggerated. In fact,there had been little self-government rights for American local governments since the Independence. The state governments interfered in almost any affair of the local governments,so the management of local affairs was ineffective. There appeared a home rule movement from the late 19 th century and reached its climax in the era of the Progressive Movement. After the World War II,the home rule movement resurged again and got to another climax. The local governments indeed gained a series of home rule rights,especially in structure autonomy and function autonomy but there is not much gain in financial and personnel autonomy.
出处
《美国研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第4期139-154,8,共16页
The Chinese Journal of American Studies