摘要
【目的】研究油茶籽的热风—微波联合干燥工艺,寻找一种干燥效率高、茶油品质好的干燥方式,为茶油生产提供科学依据。【方法】采用主成分分析法和正交试验优化不同热风温度、转换点水含量和微波功率密度下油茶籽的热风—微波联合干燥工艺,并对比不同干燥方式（自然、热风、微波、热风—微波联合）对油茶籽干燥时间、出油率及所得茶油的理化指标、功能营养成分和脂肪酸组成的影响。【结果】热风—微波联合干燥最佳工艺条件为：热风温度40℃、转换点水含量35%、微波功率密度1.50 W/g,3个因素的影响主次顺序为：微波功率密度〉转换点水含量〉热风温度。热风—微波联合干燥的干燥时间仅长于微波干燥,为293 min,其出油率最高,为42.09%;4种干燥方式制得茶油的理化指标和功能营养成分的综合评分为：热风—微波联合干燥〉热风干燥〉微波干燥〉自然干燥;4种干燥方式对茶油脂肪酸组成及含量的影响较小,棕榈酸含量均在11.0%左右,油酸含量在80.1%~81.1%。【结论】采用热风—微波联合干燥油茶籽,既能缩短干燥时间、提高出油率,又能保证茶油品质,是一种适合产业化利用的油茶籽干燥方式。
[Objective]In order to provide the scientific basis for production of camellia oil, Camellia oleifera seed drying process by combining hot-air with microwave was studied to find a drying method which is high-efficiency and good for quality of camellia oil. [Method]The hot-air and microwave combined drying conditions for C. oleifera seed were optimized by principal component analysis and orthogonal experiment, including hot-air temperature, water content of conversion point and microwave power density. Then the effects of 4 drying methods viz., natural drying, hot-air drying, microwave drying, hot-air and microwave combined drying on drying time, oil-extracting rate, oil physieochemical indexes, nutrition ingredient and fatty acid composition were compared. [Result]The optimal process conditions were 40 ~C of hot-air temperature, 35% of water content of conversion point and 1.50 W/g of microwave power density. The primary and secondary order of three factors was microwave power density〉water content of conversion point〉hot-air temperature. The hot-air and microwave combined drying took 293 min, which was more than microwave drying alone, and it got the highest oil-extracting rate（42.09%）. Comprehensive scores of four methods was hot-air and microwave combined drying〉hot-air drying〉microwave drying〉natural drying. Furthermore, 4 drying methods had less effect on composition and content of fatty acid in oil, palmitic acid content was about 11.0%, and oleic acid content ranged from 80.1% to 81.1%. [Conclusion]The hot-air and microwave combinated drying method not only shortens drying time and improves oil-extracting rate, but also ensures quatity of camellia oil, which is a suitable drying methods for C. oleifera seed in industrial production.
出处
《南方农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第7期1181-1186,共6页
Journal of Southern Agriculture
基金
林业公益性行业科研专项项目(201504703)
广东省科技计划项目(2014A020208086)
关键词
油茶籽
热风—微波联合干燥
干燥时间
出油率
茶油品质
脂肪酸
Camellia oleifera seed
hot-air and microwave combined dying
drying time
oil-extracting rate
camellia oil quality
fatty acid
