摘要
为探讨黔南地区火龙果适宜的氮肥施用量,通过田间试验,研究了氮素施用量0 kg/hm^2(T_0,对照)、89.1 kg/hm^2(T_1)、127.2 kg/hm^2(T_2)、165.3 kg/hm^2(T_3)对火龙果产量、品质及贮藏效果的影响。结果表明,火龙果产量随着施氮量的增加先增加后降低,T_2处理最高,为18 557.42 kg/hm^2,比对照增产32.63%;火龙果单果质量随着施氮量的增加而增加;不同处理间果形指数差异不明显。施氮对火龙果果实N、K含量影响较大,其分别随着施氮量的增加先增加后降低、先降低后增加,施氮对P含量影响较小。总体上,施氮增加了果实中花青素含量,以T_2处理最高,在一定程度上降低了果实中可溶固形物、可溶性总糖和总酚含量。施氮处理Vc、类黄酮含量随施氮量增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,均以T_2处理最高,分别比对照提高5.60%、6.49%。室温下,施氮降低了火龙果的贮藏时间,不同施氮量处理果实腐烂率表现为T_3>T_2>T_1>T_0;而冷床条件下,高氮水平T_3反而在一定程度上降低火龙果的腐烂率,延长贮藏时间。综合考虑,在黔南地区,在保证有机肥充足的前提下,火龙果氮素施用量以T_2处理较优,实际生产中可在此基础上适当调整。
In order to explore the suitable nitrogen application rate in Qiannan prefecture,the effects of different nitrogen levels[0 kg / ha( T_0),89. 1 kg /ha( T_1),127. 2 kg /ha( T_2),165. 3 kg /ha( T_3)] on yield,quality and storage characteristics of pitaya were studied. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen rate,pitaya yield increased first and then decreased,reached the maximum value of 18 5 57. 42 kg / ha at the nitrogen level of T_2,which increased by 32. 63% compared with T0;single fruit weight increased,the index of fruit shape was not significantly different among different treatments. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on the contents of nitrogen and potassium of pitaya were larger,smaller on phosphorus content,with the increase of the nitrogen rate,the nitrogen content increased first and then decreased,and the potassium content decreased first and then increased. On the whole,application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the anthocyanin content in fruit,which reached the highest value at the nitrogen level of T_2,but in a certain extent reduced the fruit soluble solid,total sugar and total phenol contents. Vc and flavonoids contents of the treatment with nitrogen increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen rate,both achieved the maximum values at the nitrogen level of T_2,respectively increased by 5. 60% and6. 49% compared with T_0. Application of nitrogen reduced the storage time of pitaya under roomtemperature,fruit decay rate expressed as T_3> T_2> T_1> T_0,yet the pitaya fruit decay rate could be reduced to some extent at the nitrogen level of T_3 under the cooling bed condition,extending the storage time. In summary,under the premise of enough organic fertilizer,the appropriate nitrogen rate was 127. 2kg / ha in Qiannan prefecture.
出处
《河南农业科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第8期64-68,共5页
Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31460319)
贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合NY字[2011]3097号
黔科合NZ字[2012]3021号)
关键词
氮肥
火龙果
产量
品质
贮藏
nitrogen
pitaya
yield
quality
storage
