摘要
本文从漕运的实际运作层面进行考察,发现明清有漕州县水次仓的设置及漕运运法的实施存在明显的区域差异。兑运法和长运法主要针对江南地区而提出,也只有在江南得到了贯彻,基本实现了运军至州县水次交兑的运粮方式。相比之下,江西、湖广在各州县设有征收水次仓,又于省城等水次设仓集中兑军,大多是在县征收后由民运至指定水次交兑;山东漕粮于运河沿线几处水次设仓,运军至水次集中交兑;河南兑军水次地点虽然有变化,但其全部漕粮始终集中于一处设仓兑军。虽然中央政府在宣德、成化间实行的运法改革,意在减少民运在漕粮运解中的比重,但在江南之外的很多地区,仍然存在相当比例的民运,这表明明清漕运制度的推行具有很鲜明的区域差异性和复杂性。
From the actual operational level,this paper has found out that the implementation of transport law in Ming and Qing dynasties had obvious regional differences.Duiyun and Gaidui transport methods were mainly proposed for the southern area.,The army went to water storage in countries to get the tribute rice in South China.But in Jiangxi and Huguang Provinces,the grain was transported by people to the water storage in provincial capital;In Shandong,grain were also delivered by people to some water storages along the canal;In Henan,all the grain were transported to one place to give to the army.Although the reformation of the transport law in Xuande,Chenghua period aimed at reducing the proportion of people transportation,but there were still a lot of people transportation in many regions.So the grain transportation in the Ming and Qing Dynasties had very distinct regional differences and complexity.
出处
《中国历史地理论丛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第3期101-113,共13页
Journal of Chinese Historical Geography
关键词
漕运
水次仓
军运
民运
water transportation
water storage
military transportation
people transportation
