摘要
为更好地了解湖南省当前的生态环境状况和可持续发展能力,在应用能值分析和本地生态足迹对传统生态足迹模型进行改进的基础上,以湖南省2000—2013年统计数据为依据,计算出湖南省2000—2013年的人均能值生态足迹、人均能值生态承载力以及人均生态赤字情况。计算和分析结果表明:1湖南省存在生态赤字,社会经济发展对自然资源和环境的压力逐年增大。2湖南省自然生态系统压力的增大绝大部分是由于耕地供给不足和能源消耗过大造成的。作为一个农业大省,湖南省对农业资源的需求量很大。能源问题和农业发展问题是湖南省可持续发展需要解决的首要问题。3湖南省生态承载力和人均生态承载力在一定范围内呈波动变化的状态,总体呈下降趋势,生态足迹和人均生态足迹在不断增加,呈明显上升趋势,说明该省的发展处于相对不可持续状态。其中耕地和化石能源地的足迹和人均足迹最大,其次是建筑用地,牧草地和水域、林地对湖南省人均生态足迹的影响程度很小。42000—2013年,湖南省万元GDP生态足迹呈现逐年显著下降的趋势,这表明研究时段内,湖南省的资源和能源的利用效率有了明显提升,湖南省因为经济发展而造成的生态代价在显著减小。针对湖南省的发展现状,提出以下政策建议:控制耕地面积和化石能源用地的需求量,提高土地利用的均衡性,增加对其他地类的利用以提高生物生态足迹的多样性。巩固和深化湖南省实施绿色发展的成果,努力提升生态系统的自我恢复能力,减缓生态足迹增速,增加生态容量。正确引导湖南省的人口流动,严格控制人口增长。提倡并鼓励绿色消费。
In order to understand the current ecological environment and sustainable development ability of Hunan Province better, based on the improvement of the traditional ecological footprint model in the sight of the theory and method of energy analysis and the local ecological footprint, the paper calculates the per capita ecological footprint, the per capita ecological carrying capacity and the capita ecological deficit according to the statistical data from 2000 to 2013 in Hunan Province. Calculation and analysis results show that： ①there is the ecological deficit in Hunan Province. The pressure of natural resources and the environment pressure from social and economic development increases year by year. ② Most of the increase of the natural ecological system pressure is caused by the lack of cultivated land supply and too much energy consumption. As a big cultural province, Hunan Province is in a huge demand for agrieuhural resources. Therefore, energy issue and the agricultural development issue are the chief problems to be solved for sustainable development in Hunan Province. ③ In Hunan Province, the ecological carrying capacity and the per capita ecological carrying capacity are in a fluctuation change state in a certain range, generally in a declining trend. The ecological footprint and the per capita ecological footprint are constantly increasing, generally in a significant rising trend, which indicates the development of the province is in a relatively unsustainable state. Among them, the footprint of cultivated land and fossil energy land and the per capita footprint of them are the largest. The second is the construction land. The influence degree of grassland, waters and forest land to ecological footprint is very small in Hunan Province. From 2000 to 2013, million yuan GDP ecological footprint of Hunan Province presents a significant downward trend year by year, which indicates the utilization efficiency of resources and energy of Hunan Province has improved significantly during the study period.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第7期37-45,共9页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
湖南省情与决策咨询研究课题"湖南绿色发展对策研究--基于生态承载力"(批准号:2015BZZ080)
湖南省哲学社会科学基金项目"湖南省自然系统生态赤字演变及绿色发展对策研究"(批准号:13YBA363)
关键词
能值生态足迹模型
生态赤字
可持续发展
new energy-based ecological footprint model
ecological deficit
sustainable development
Hunan Province
