摘要
道路对野生动物的阻隔作用是理解道路对野生动物影响的重内容。选择毗邻和穿越长白山国家级自然保护区的环长白山旅游公路,于2008—2012年通过路域样线调查,评价了公路对中大型兽类的阻隔作用以及不同植被类型对中大型兽类活动的影响。结果显示：（1）路域500 m范围内有12种中大型兽类活动,包括5种国家级保护物种;（2）红松阔叶林中的中大型兽类的种类和痕迹数量显著大于白桦次生林;（3）公路的自然保护区侧兽类种类显著大于非保护区侧,尤其在雪季,自然保护区侧的兽类种类和痕迹数量都显著大于非保护区侧;（4）野猪（Sus scrofa）、西伯利亚狍（Capreolus pygargus）、黄鼬（Mustela sibirica）、紫貂（Martes zibellina）、黄喉貂（Martes flavigula）、狗獾（Meles leucurus）、松鼠（Sciurus vulgaris）和东北兔（Lepus mandshuricus）的痕迹数量在公路两侧和不同植被类型中都无显著差异,但黄鼬的痕迹数量在雪季时的红松阔叶林内显著大于白桦次生林,野猪和西伯利亚狍在非雪季时的红松阔叶林显著大于白桦次生林;（5）雪季,从路域50 m范围内兽类痕迹数量与兽类穿越率的关系来看,马鹿（Cervus elaphus）穿越公路通道被限制在K25~K27区间,受公路阻隔影响较大;（6）兽类年度穿越率与交通量呈负相关关系,但不显著。本研究表明,环长白山旅游公路对兽类阻隔作用已经显现,且随着时间推移,阻隔作用有加强趋势。鉴于自然保护区外围人为干扰大的现状,提出应加强自然保护区之间的动物迁移走廊建设的建议。
Recognition of barrier effect of road on wildlife is one of the main contents of road wildlife ecology research. In this paper, we selected the surrounding Ring Changbai Mountain Scenic Highway, which traverses the Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve, as a research area, and carried out sample line investigations from 2008 to 2012, to assess the barrier effect of high- way on middle and large sized mammals. The results indicated that ： （ 1 ） Twelve middle and large sized mammal species were found within the range of roadside 500 m, and five species were Chi- nese national protected species ; （2） Species richness and the number of mammal signs in Korean pine broad-leaved forest were significantly higher than those in secondary white birch forest; （3） Species richness of inside reserve of the road was significantly higher than that of outside reserve of the road, and especially in snow season, species richness and the number of mammal signs of inside reserve of the road were significantly higher than those of outside reserve of the road; （4） The numbers of signs had no significant differences between two sides of the road and two vegeta- tion types for wild boar （ Sus scrofa） , Siberian roe deer （ Capreolus pygargus ） , Siberian weasel （ Mustela sibirica）, sable （ Manes zibellina） , yellow-throated marten （ Martes flavigula） , Asian badger （Meles leucurus）, Eurasian red squirrel （Sciurus vulgaris） and Manchurian hare （Lepus mandshuricus） ; however, the number of signs of Siberian weasel in Korean pine broad-leaved forest was significantly higher than in secondary white birch forest in snow season, and the num- ber of signs of wild boar and Siberian roe deer in Korean pine broad-leaved forest were signifi- cantly higher than in secondary white birch forest in non-snow season; （5） In snow season, in terms of the re｜ationship of the number of signs and the crossing rate within the range of roadside 50 m, the crossing section of red deer （ Cervus elaphus） through
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第8期2152-2158,共7页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51508250)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(20150605)资助
关键词
野生动物
雪踪法
动物痕迹
动物种类
生境选择
道路生态学
wildlife
snow tracking method
animal sign
animal species richness
habitat selection
road ecology.
