摘要
紫貂(Martes zibellina)是国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物,建立其人工圈养种群是迁地保护的重要手段。被毛是哺乳动物最主要的特征之一。紫貂每年春季和秋季两次换毛,研究紫貂人工圈养繁育地换毛的规律是深入了解在人工圈养条件下紫貂生物学特性的重要方面。本研究旨在通过对人工圈养紫貂的春季换毛的启动时间、结束时间、被毛的脱换顺序的观察,结合当地大连的昼夜长短变换(光周期)、最高气温、最低气温、平均气温等的关系,解释和掌握紫貂春季被毛脱换规律及其与之相关的诸影响因素。研究结果表明:(1)紫貂春季换毛时,新毛先从吻部生出,扩及眼周及整个头部,此后腰荐部新毛长出,然后前肢、肩背处新毛长出,新毛由腰荐部与肩背部向四周延展至背、腰部,向后扩展至臀部。腹侧新毛由体前向后延伸扩展。在腰部出现新毛时,尾毛开始自尾基向尾端脱换,当新毛出现在尾基时,全身完全由夏毛替换。(2)在大连,紫貂于3月中旬左右开始春季换毛,4月中旬至5月初躯体大面积呈现夏毛,6月上旬彻底为夏毛。
Sable（Maries zibellina） is listed in the first category of national protected species.Establishing captive populations is an important means of ex situ conservation.A fur coat is a characteristic of mammals and research on molt of the fur and its relationship with the environment is an important aspect of animal ecology.Sable molts seasonally,twice a year in spring and autumn.To study the molt pattern of captive breeding sables is important to understanding the biology of captive sable.In this study,we observed the start time,end time,and molt sequence of captive sable during molt season in spring.We recorded the photoperiod,maximum temperature,minimum temperature,average temperature in Dalian city to explain and understand the molt pattern of captive sable in spring and the factors that affect it.During the spring molt,new hair grew on the snout and extended around the eyes and all over the head.Then new hair grew on the lumbosacral region,and on forellmb and shoulder.It then extends to the back,lumbar area,and buttock.New hairs on the belly grew out from front to back alongside the body.Hair on the tail started molting and new hair grew on the lumbar area,from the root to the tip.When new hair emerged at the root of the tail,the whole body was covered with new hair（summer hair）.In Dalian,sable began to molt around mid- March in spring.By mid-April to early May a large area of the body was covered with summer hair.In early June sable were covered completely with summer hair.
出处
《野生动物学报》
北大核心
2016年第3期258-265,共8页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE
基金
林业公益性行业科研专项经费资助(201304809)
关键词
紫貂
春季
换毛序
光周期
温度
Sable
Spring
Molt sequence
Photoperiods
Temperature
