摘要
目的识别与确定某磷肥复合肥制造企业工作场所中职业病危害因素及其接触水平、职业病防护设施和职业卫生管理措施的效果，提出对策与建议，为政府职业卫生监管及企业职业病防治的日常管理提供科学依据。方法通过职业卫生现场调查、收集企业相关资料、职业卫生检测、职业健康检查及检查表法等方法进行综合评价。结果该企业主要职业病危害因素是磷矿粉尘、硫酸及三氧化硫、氟化氢、普钙、氨、氯化铵等，作业场所中粉尘浓度、化学毒物浓度、噪声强度检测总合格率分别为86．4％、100．0％和23．7％，氨、氟化氢作业场所检测浓度范围分别为0．35～18．8、0．04～0．69mg／m3。其中磷肥生产单元进料岗位、仓库包装岗位和复合肥生产单元上料岗、成品包装岗位其他粉尘（磷矿粉尘、混合粉尘）作业危害程度为I级，球磨巡检岗位、混合造粒、粉碎、烘干、筛分巡检岗位各岗位的噪声作业危害程度均为Ⅱ级，磷肥生产车间进料岗位、锷式粉碎岗位、司炉工岗位、复合肥生产单元加料、包装岗位各岗位的噪声作业危害程度均为I级。结论该企业属于职业病危害风险严重项目，职业病危害防护效果及措施基本符合职业卫生法律法规要求，企业应重点关注磷肥生产单元的进料岗位、包装装卸岗位、复合肥生产单元的上料及包装岗位的粉尘防护、进料、粉碎、球磨、造粒、筛分等岗位工段的噪声和混化岗位、进料造粒等岗位操作的氟化氢、氨等毒物防护。企业存在氨、氟化氢高毒物品。
[Objective] To identify and determine the occupational hazards and their exposed levels in workplace, to investigate the effect of occupational-disease-prevention facilities and occupational health management measures, to put forward countermeasures and suggestion, and provide scientific evidence for government to carry out occupational health supervision and daily management of the occupational disease prevention. [Methods] A comprehensive evaluation of occupational health including data collection, occupational health inspection and examination, checklist method was performed via field investigation.[Results] The main occupational hazards in this enterprise were phosphate dust, sulfuric acid, sulphur trioxide, hydrogen fluoride, calcium, ammonia, ammonium chloride. The total qualified rates of dust concentration, chemicals concentration and noise intensity were 86.4%, 100.0% and 23.7%. The concentration ranges of ammonia and hydrogen fluoride were 0.35-18.8 mg/m3 and 0.044）.69 mg/m3 in workplace. The harmful degree of other dusts （phosphate dust, mixed dust） in material supplying post and packing post of phosphate fertilizer production unit and compound fertilizer production unit was class I. The harmful degree of noise in milling inspection post, mixed granulating post, crushing post, drying post, screening post was at domain-level. The harmful degree of noise in material supplying post, crushing post, stoker post of phosphate fertilizer production unit, and material supplying post and packing post of compound fertilizer production unit was class I. [Conclusion] The occupational hazards in this enterprises are at serious level. Occupational hazards protection effect and measures basically conform to the requirements of the occupational health laws and regulations. The enterprise should focus on the dust control in material supplying post and packing post of phosphate fertilizer production unit and compound fertilizer production unit, noise control in material supplying post, crushing post, milling post,
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2016年第13期1735-1739,1743,共6页
Occupation and Health
关键词
职业病危害
现状评价
职业危害因素
关键控制点
高毒物质
Occupational hazards
Present situation evaluation
Occupational hazard factors
The key control points
High toxicsubstances
