摘要
联合国人权事务委员会新近处理的“蒂默诉荷兰”案，不仅涉及到这样一个核心问题：具有准司法性质的人权条约机构，委员会出具的意见究竟能在多大程度上产生拘束力？而且触及一个更深层的命题：人权国际保护是否正在呈现出一种司法化的趋势，人权国际司法保护的空间究竟能有多大，限度又是在哪里？“二战”结束以来，全球层面国际人权条约监督实施机制和区域层面人权司法保护体系日益发展，人权国际保护机制在属性和运作上呈现出从纯粹政治属性到司法或准司法、类司法属性要素逐渐增多的某种迹象，人权国际保护蕴含着一定程度走向司法化的趋势及命题。但同时，源自于人权国际司法保护的艰巨性以及国家主权、大国政治、世界格局的复杂性，人权观念的差异性，国际司法机制本身的局限性，人权国际保护的多元性和补充性等因素，人权国际司法保护面对着极大的挑战与局限，构成了人权国际保护司法化的限度。随着全球化、国际法治和全球治理的兴起，人类命运一致性与人类文明共融性的凸显，以及人类精神、认知和学习能力的不断突破和国际合作机制的日益成熟，人权国际司法保护将可能走得更远，对此中国也将应当考虑如何参与其中和应对挑战。
The individual communication of ＂Gert Jan Timmer v. the Netherlands＂ in the Human Rights Committee not only pertains to a core issue that to what extent the State party is bound by the Views adopted by the Committee, but also leads to a further reflection： has there been a tendency of judicialization of the international protection of human rights, how large would be the space for the international protection of human rights, and if so, what are the limits for such tendency？ After the Second World War, as the establishment and development of the international human rights law and its implementation mechanism both in the United Nations system and especially in the regional system, there has been a clue that the international protection of human rights, in terms of its attributes and supervisory measures, develops from pure political to quasi-judicial or even judicial characteristics, and to some extent it points out the tendency of judicialization. However, there are also some limits which accompany such tendency, including the State Sovereignty, the Great Power politics, the complexity of the world situation, the different concept of human rights, the limits of the international judicial mechanism itself, the pluralism and complementariness of international protection of human rights, etc. All the factors discussed above constitute the limits and challenges of the judicialization of intemational protection of human rights. With the rise of globalization, international rule of law and global govemance, the prominence of the coherence of human＇ s destiny and inter-civilization, the continuous breakthrough of human＇ s concept, recognition and learning ability, and the gradual maturity of international cooperation mechanism, the international judicial protection of human rights is probably going farther. In this regard, China, as a positive participant in the international community, should also take this tendency and challenges into consideration.
出处
《南京大学法律评论》
CSSCI
2016年第1期360-372,共13页
Nanjing University Law Review
基金
作者主持的中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目成果(项目编号15XNH018)
关键词
人权国际司法保护
限度
人权条约机构
个人来文“蒂默诉荷兰”案
International Judicial Protection of Human Rights
Limits
Human Rights Treaty Body
Individual Communication
＂Gert Jan Timmer v. the Netherlands＂
