摘要
采用具有代表性的体外模拟呼吸系统Gamble方法研究上海市两大功能区——工业区、居民区不同大气颗粒物包括PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)中重金属生物可给性和健康风险.结果表明,两大功能区大气颗粒物中均检出重金属Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cr和Cd,其浓度从高到低依次为:Zn>Pb>Cu>Mn>Ni≈Cr>Cd,工业区大气颗粒物中重金属Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn的平均浓度均高于居民区,且两大功能区PM_(10)中重金属浓度均大于PM_(2.5).居民区大气颗粒物中Cu和Ni的生物可给性低于工业区,Mn和Pb的生物可给性高于工业区,而Zn、Cr和Cd的生物可给性在两大功能区则较为接近,且PM_(2.5)中重金属生物可给性高于PM_(10).成人致癌风险高于儿童,非致癌风险低于儿童.其中Cr和Cd的致癌风险较低,Ni的致癌风险可忽略.除去Pb元素,其余重金属元素均表现为工业区非致癌风险高于或接近于居民区,不同重金属的非致癌风险值大小为:Pb>Cd>Zn≈Cr>Cu>Ni>Mn,均远小于1,可忽略.但是,Pb的人体健康风险相对其他重金属较高,Cd在大气颗粒物中的重金属浓度较低,但非致癌风险值相对较高,也应当引起重视.
The bioaccessibility and human health risks of heavy metals in atmospheric particulate matters from residential and industrial areas in Shanghai were evaluated using the typical simulated respiratory Gamble method. The average concentrations of heavy metals in both PM10 and PM2.5 particulates followed the order of Zn 〉Pb 〉Cu〉 Mn 〉Ni≈Cr 〉Cd. The concentrations of Cu,Mn,Ni,Pb and Zn in the industrial area were higher than those in the residential area. The concentrations of heavy metals in PM10 were higher than PM2.5.Bioaccessibility of the studied metals varied among elements,with Mn and Pb showing the higher bioaccessibility in residential area than that in industrial area. However,the average bioaccessible Cu and Ni in the residential particulate matters were lower than that in the industrial samples. Bioavailability of heavy metals in PM2.5 was higher than PM10.Adult took higher carcinogenic risk than children; while hazard quotient was lower in adult than that in children. Among the 7 heavy metals detected,the carcinogenic risk of Cr and Cd was lower; the carcinogenic risk of Ni could be ignored. The hazard quotients of heavy metals particulates via inhalation exposure followed the order of Pb〉 Cd 〉Zn≈Cr 〉Cu 〉Ni Mn,but all the hazard quotients were 〈〈1 and could be ignored. The hazard quotient of all 7 heavy metals except Pb in both PM10 and PM2.5 in industrial area were higher than or close to those in residential area. Adequate attention must also be paid to those elements with low concentrations but with high values of hazard quotient such as Cd.
出处
《环境化学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第7期1337-1345,共9页
Environmental Chemistry
基金
上海市教委创新重点项目(14ZZ026)
国家自然科学基金(21377081
21428702)资助~~
关键词
大气颗粒物
重金属
生物可给性
健康风险
atmosphere particulate matters
heavy metals
bioaccessibility
health risk
