摘要
为了筛选适用于棉花胞质雄性不育系授粉的蜂种,2013―2014年以蜜蜂为对照,在网室内进行壁蜂对棉花胞质雄性不育系授粉试验,观察壁蜂和蜜蜂在棉花花朵上的生物学特性,并进行田间性状的统计分析。结果表明:壁蜂的适应性较好,受天气影响较小,但温度超过35℃后访花活动明显减少;壁蜂在不育系和保持系上的单花停留时间极显著大于蜜蜂。壁蜂授粉与蜜蜂授粉,在单株结铃数、单铃籽粒数和衣分上差异极显著,单株果枝数、铃重差异显著。蜜蜂授粉较壁蜂授粉平均制种产量高,但壁蜂制种成本低。改进田间管理措施以及采用多次适时释放壁蜂的方式,壁蜂授粉将会在棉花胞质雄性不育系授粉中发挥更大作用。
Wall bees（Osmia） were used as pollinators on cotton cytoplasmic male sterile（CMS） lines in a net house for two years, with honeybee pollination as a control, to screen appropriate bee species for hybrid production. We observed the biological characteristics of wall bees and honeybees, and analyzed the traits of the cotton pollinated by those two kinds of bee in the fields. The results showed that the adaptability of wall bees was better than that of honeybees, and weather factors had little effect on pollination. The activity of wall bees decreased substantially, when the temperature was greater than 35 ℃. In terms of single flower residence time, wall bees were extremely significantly longer than honeybee on cotton CMS and CMS maintainer.There were extremely significant differences in number of bolls per plant, number of seeds per boll, lint percentage between wall bees and honeybees pollination and the number of fruit branches per plant, boll weight also showed significant differences. Honeybee pollination provided the higher seed yield, but the cost of wall bee pollination was lower. We can take some measures such as improving field management and releasing wall bees for several times at the proper times, to utilize the wall bees better in the pollination of cotton CMS.
出处
《棉花学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第4期369-374,共6页
Cotton Science
基金
国家重点研发计划--棉花种间杂种优势利用研究(2016YFD0101416)
山西省青年科技研究基金(2013021026)
国家科技重大专项--转基因生物新品种培育(2012ZX08013013)
关键词
壁蜂
蜜蜂
棉花胞质不育系
制种
授粉
生物学特性
棉花性状
wall bees
honeybee
cytoplasmic male sterile
seed production
pollination
biological characteristics
cotton traits
