摘要
为研究油田开发过程中原油在大气条件下的碳排放特征,完善油气系统潜在温室气体排放清单,以胜利油田典型区块——胜坨油田原油为研究对象,通过改进的静态室-气相色谱及质谱法对原油在大气条件下的自然脱气（排放）过程进行模拟试验研究.结果表明：CH4和CO2是胜坨油田原油溶解气中的两种主要温室气体;将模拟时间（48 h）均分为4个时段,CH4、CO2的主要排放阶段为012 h,并且其排放量远高于〉1224、〉2436和〉3648 h,其中,不同温度下CH4、CO2的最大排放率均出现在02 h.原油在空气中暴露时间的长短及所处大气温度的高低直接影响温室气体的累积排放,CH4、CO2的累积排放量均随模拟试验的进行而递增;原油所处环境温度越高,累积排放量越大,3℃时CH4、CO2的累积排放量分别为12.498、15.071g/m3,13℃时为20.626、21.004 g/m3,27℃时为31.353、26.954 g/m3.CH4、CO2在不同温度下的相对排放量存在差异,表现为低温（3、13℃）条件下CH4排放量低于CO2,相对高温（27℃）条件下表现相反.研究显示,原油所处大气环境的温度及暴露时间是影响原油温室气体排放的重要因素.
In order to study the greenhouse gas（ GHG） emissions characteristics of crude oil at atmospheric temperature and pressure during oilfield development,understand the mechanisms and factors that influence GHG（ e. g.,CH4,CO2） emission characteristics,and improve the oil and gas system GHG inventories, an improved static flux chamber combined with gas chromatograph and massspectrography method was used to study the natural degassing（ emission） process of crude oil from Shengtuo Oilfield,Dongying Sag. The results showed that CH4 and CO2were the two main GHGs that were released from the crude oil at atmospheric temperature and pressure.By dividing the whole emission duration（ 48 h） into four time durations（ i. e.,one time duration was 12 h）,the duration 0-12 h,in which GHG emissions were significantly higher than the other durations,was the main emission stage,whereby the peak phase of emission rate was 0-2 h both for CH4 and CO2. The cumulative emissions of CH4 and CO2were directly affected by exposure durations and atmospheric conditions of the crude oil. The cumulative emissions of CH4 and CO2were both increasing with the passing of simulation test and the increases of crude oil temperature within 0-48 h. The cumulative emissions of CH4 and CO2were 12. 498,15. 071 g/m3at 3 ℃; 20. 626,21. 004 g/m3at 13 ℃; and 31. 353,26. 954g/m3at 27 ℃,respectively. CH4 and CO2showed a difference in relative emissions： CH4 emission value was higher than CO2 at low temperatures（ 13 and 3 ℃）,while the phenomenon was inverseat higher temperature（ 27 ℃）. The simulation proved that exposed temperature and duration of crude oil were the key factor affecting GHG emissions.
出处
《环境科学研究》
EI
CAS
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第7期978-984,共7页
Research of Environmental Sciences
基金
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05030300)
关键词
CH4
CO2
大气条件
影响因子
原油
胜坨油田
methane
carbon dioxide
atmospheric condition
influencing factors
crude oil
Shengtuo Oilfield
